Satire Comparing Mosquitos to Telemarketers Essay -- Mosquito Telemark

Just Like MosquitoesMosquitoes have three purposes in the world. The for the first time is to suck blood from multiple diseased animals and spread various infections to humans. The second is to bug, annoy, and make as many people mad as possible. The third is to spew and make as many babies as they can to carry on the family tradition. To make a parallel to this topic would like discussing telemarketers. Nearly every scenery of a mosquito has a direct connection to telemarketers such as their nearly countless numbers and their drive to topple the American will. Both of these entities still pound scholars and researchers to how they happen to be so similar. Certain things in this world tend to bug us more than others. The worst of these are mosquitoes and telemarketers. Some of the worst shipway mosquitoes annoy the American Public are the millions of bug bites we are covered with every year and the downright angering noise that they make. This drives us to exterminate this anno yance by doing the only logical, and smartest, thing we can come up with Kill Them. Now, with telemarketers it is different, yet practically the same. These bloodsucking fiends keep calling and calling till we have no more energy to answer the phone. They bombard us with stupid products and pointless advertisements that drive us to the limit. Since we cant kill telemarketers without severe punishment, we are obligate to do nothing. The result, tactic, and drive of the telemarketers go hand in hand...

No reader of The Woman in Black, can be left in doubt about its conscious :: Free Essay Writer

No reader of The Woman in Black, tramp be left in doubt about its conscious elicitation of the mediaevalNo reader of The Woman in Black, can be left in doubt about itsconscious evocation of the chivalric. It is ample of motifs and effectsassociated with that genre. How far would you agree with thisstatement of the novel?There is absolutely no doubt that Susan Hill consciously evocates theGothic in The Woman in Black. There are many another(prenominal) obvious conventions sheuses that create a great Gothic effect throughout the novel. It isclear that this novel contains most of the elements that fashionthe genre, for example, an eerie atmosphere full of mystery andsuspense, and a character feeling high or overwrought emotions. Thisconcludes the novel into a sub-genre of the Gothic, a ghost story.The Gothic has been active since the eighteenth century the genre wasespecially popular within the years of The French Revolution and TheGreat Terror, which fell between 1789 and the 17 90s. The Gothic canalso be traced back to the original Goths, who were believed to devourbeen around in the last days of the Roman Empire. However, there is nosubstantial proof as the Goths left almost no written records, andwere mostly unheard of until the first Gothic revival in the lateeighteenth century. In Britain this revival entangled a series ofattempts to return to roots, in contrast to the classical modelrevered in the earlier eighteenth century.It is believed that the very first Gothic novel was invented solely byHorace Walpole, when he wrote The Castle of Otranto in 1764. Thisnovel was imitated throughout the following centuries because itcontains essentially all the elements that comprise the Gothic genre.It is also believed to have influenced writing, poetry and film makingto the present day. Other key Gothic novelists of this period thatwould also have contributed to this influence are Mary Shelly, theauthor of Frankenstein, which has had many film adaptations withi n thelast century produced from it. And also Bram Stoker who wrote Dracula,which I think has an influence in The Woman in Black as the storytellerArthur Kipps, has many similar characteristics to the narrator ofDracula, Jonathan Harker, such as them both being portrayed ascommonsensical, rational, successful lawyers on a mission tosingle-handedly feed the mystery theyre faced with.Ann Radcliffs idea of Gothic horror has also clearly influenced TheWoman in Black too, because we notice our narrator on severaloccasions, contracts, freezes and is nearly annihilated by someunknown supernatural force. Arthurs first encounter with The Woman in

Women and Society During the Early 20th Century Essay -- essays resear

Women and Society during the early 20th CenturyWomen always had to deal with all kinds of situations throughout history. Sex was becoming to be a womans way of expressing herself and in a way have control over certain situation Edith Whartons "Summer" and jakes Steinbeck s "The Chrysanthemums" show cardinal characters ( two of them women) struggling between societys rules and laws and their own believes and desires. Both stories were written in the beginning of the 20th century and both authors made it very clear that the womens thoughts were unacceptable. While Charity Loyal in "Summer" had the ability to satisfy herself sexually with a city son and go as far as she could be her desires. Elisa Allen in "Chrysanthemums" fantasized about the idea of being with another man, but did not take her thoughts into action. Both, however, search to look in nature the answer for the constant struggle to achieve freedom. This theme, like sex, is renowned all throughout the stories.Wharton decides to start the story with a verbal description of the town where Charity Royall lives. She says, "A little wind moved among the round white clouds on the shoulder of the hills, driving their shadows across the fields and down the grasslike road that takes the name of the street when it passes through North dormer. The place lies high and in the open, and lacks the lavish shade of the more protected New England Villages" (91). North Dormer seems to be a very peaceful place. The description gives a tone of calmness and happiness. This is very important for Charity, since she has an especial connection to nature all through out the story. When she is looking to free herself from North Dormer, Galante Gonzalez, 2she looks for it in nature. After a long day working in the library (where Charity is commonly by herself), Wharton shows how happy Charity becomes once she is able to leave and be outside with nature. She says, "She loved the r oughness of the dry mountain grass under her palms, the note of the thyme into which she crushed her face, the fingering of the wind in her hair and through her cotton blouse, and the creak of the larches as he swayed to it" (98). Charity lies in the grass almost hug it. She shows emotions toward the grass (nature) that make it seem almost like a person. Moments like this one, made her feel free... ...be plenty. Alcohol will ease the pain, perhaps." She is upset, there was obviously These two women deal with the oppression imposed by society during the turn of the century. But their desires and emotions are stronger than what people thought at the time. For Charity, her love for nature allowed her to feel free. eventually she loses all of that when she becomes pregnant and marries Mr. Royall. For Elisa, the struggle of wanted Galante Gonzalez, 6to be like man did not give her a sense of freedom, only when she is working in her garden. She, like Charity, never completely achieved her freedom by the end of the story. Galante Gonzalez, 7Worked CitedBily, Cynthia. Critical essay on Summer. Literature Resource Center. 2005. 25 April 2005 .Fahy, Thomas. Worn, Damaged Bodies in Literature and Photography of the Great Depression. Wilson Web. Mar. 2003. 25 April 2005 .Palmerino, Gregory J. Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums. Wilson Web. 2004. 25 April 2005.Sex. 2004. 25 April. 2005 .Steinbeck, John. The Chrysanthemums. The Health Anthology of American Literature. 4th ed. Vol 1. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2002. 1874-1881.

Louis Simpsons The Battle and Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum Est :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

When looking at poetry we notice numerous things. The language, meaning, and emotion all speak to us in many ways some the author may have not even intended. When we look at the sketch of war there have been many poems documenting the horror soldiers feel at their surroundings. The tragedy and atrocity that happens in war have all been written about with great impact. When we look at Louis Simpsons The troth and Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum Est we can read first hand of the experiences of soldiers. But when we compare these two poems we can clearly see that The Battle seems to have far great impact than Dulce et Decorum Est.         The first thing that is noticeably different between these two poems in the language that they use. The Battle uses openr, easier to understand language than Dulce et Decourum Est. The Battle has simple words like thudded (line 3) and clammy (6) to describe the scene season Dulce et Decorum Est has words such as haunting (3) and sludge (2) to describe its scene. So although both(prenominal) poems can be understood it is slightly easier to read and understand The Battle and therefore its impact is easier to come to.         One thing that is similar in these poems is the subject matter of them. It is obvious that both poems are about war and the horrors of war. The Battle tells of soldiers preparing themselves for a great battle in the middle of a field while Dulce et Decorum Est speaks of soldiers wearily returning to their camp only to be assaulted by gas and loose one of there own. Examples from The Battle can be seen in They halted and they dug. They sank like moles into the clammy earth between the trees. (4, 5) and At dawn the first shell landed with a crack (9). In Dulce et Decorum Est lines like mess up Gas Quick, Boys  (9) And As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. (14) Also show the horrors of war. These examples show that both of thes e poems illustrate war and its atrocities.         A last(a) difference that can be seen between these two poems is the style of the poems themselves.

Anthony Comstock †The Father of American Censorship Essay -- Explorat

Anthony Comstock The Father of American CensorshipAnthony Comstock was the most prominent American advocate of censorship in the late nineteenth and ahead of time twentieth centuries. Born in Connecticut in 1844, Comstock fought with the Union in the Civil War and upon release became an influential member of the Young Mens Christian Association. His personal quest to rid America of indecent and fast literature made his name synonymous with the epithet Comstockery or the excessive pursuit of moralistic censorship. Comstock soon realized that the YMCA was an insufficient front for his rigorous efforts to protect children from the corruptive effects of demoralizing publications. In 1873 he helped found the Society for the inhibition of Vice, an organization of gentlemen from New York City. In a November 1882 article in North American Review, Comstock describes the mission of this society, the enforcement of the laws for the suppression of the trade in, and circulation of, obscene literature and illustrations, advertisements, and articles of indecent and immoral use....

Fear of the Water Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

It was three weeks before my third birthday. The razor sharp air seemed to laugh at my winter coat, gloves, and hat. My Mother was pushing me on in a stroller at Carson Park. Walking briskly along the pond trail to keep warm, hiding that she did not want to be there. She knew that I loved to come look at the pond in the winter, and she braved the weather because of my birthday. I looked up with my curious eyes, trying to figure out why it was that the ducks unexpended in the winter, why the water looked hard, and how people walked on the water like in the Bible. My Mother and I braved the weather for a whole day on the pond, and as the evening came, we decided to make our way home. She thought it would be nice if we took the long way out of the park and cross the bridge, and I couldnt be more grateful, water mesmerized me. As we crossed the bridge, my world came to a halt. A group of crows feeding on a dead frame scattered over my head. A man was standing on the other si de of the bridge, with a shiny piece of metal in his hand. I didnt understand, but my Mom knew that we were in danger, she knew what he held was a knife.LubDUB. My heart screamed out. I knew something was wrong now. The man yelled and screamed word that I had never heard. My Mother secured herself as a barrier between the man and me. His black eyes met my confused scared eyes.Dont hurt my mommy I screamed. in that location was no reaction, no movement. The only sound was the crows cawing below. Then the man said, How would you like to take a swim, in a quaint, barely audible voice.For a split randomness there was no movement, and then the man lunged at my Mother, and with the knife at her neck tipped me into the pond. I felt as if ... ...need air quite yet. There would be plenty of breathing after this Slam My competitor and I seemed to slam our hands into the wall simultaneously. I didnt know who won. I looked at the score board. Looked at the scoreboard and it read, Lane3 SwimmerMeier,usa TIME44.9 Place1. Victory.That was the first race of the rest of my life. In my junior year, my third year of juicy school, I was defeated by the member of the Greenwich Black Crows, but I still received third place in the state. Exactly three old age after my second place performance earned me a spot on a collegiate swim team, it was me on the podium at trials. My supremacy wasnt over my competitors, but the water, the water that beat me so many times before, it came down to a 43 second race in the surpassing trials and the three elements, one hydrogen, two oxygen, that I battled for so long.

Thesus vs Achilles

Dumbledore said, It is the choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. This theory applies to everyone. Through the choices and actions of Theseus and Achilles, we get word a lot about their characters. We find Achilles to be motivated by rage and pride, with ambitions of glory and vengeance. Theseus, on the other hand, seems to be motivated by others strikes, and aspires to do right by those who he should help. Theseus also likes to challenge expectations and overcome the impossible. Theseus begins his saga with a journey to Athens.He chooses the difficult and dangerous land route, as foreign to the sea route, because he wants the challenge. On his way, he completes six tasks that make him a great hero. He kills robbers and murderers, helping innocent potential victims, delivering justice, and making a agnomen for himself. Once he arrives in Athens, he kills some of the people who plan to attack him. Even though they are not innocent and pose a threat to h im, he doesnt kill about half of them, including his uncle Pallas. This shows his solid reasoning. When Theseus captured the bull of Marathon, he met a normal, old lady, and paid her significant respects in her death.Theseus was seen as a champion of the oppressed. For example, he gave Oedipus a place to live after he chose exile. Achilles ambitions and motivations had little in common with Theseus. He was driven by anger, the need for vengeance, bloodlust, and excessive pride. He strived for eternal glory. Achilles played a huge role in the Trojan War, a situation that aligned perfectly with his personality. He showed no humility in slaying others. He mutilated Hectors body. He refused to accept Agammemnons great gifts out of his hubris.In the end, his need for vengeance overcame even his dispute with Agammemnon, and his sole purpose was to destroy Hector, afterward mutilating his body. He was miserable, but finally learned compassion. Achilles and Theseus were very different hero es. Their choices and actions clearly synopsis their motivations and ambitions for us. Theseus is motivated by the excitement of challenges, and the opportunity to help others. His ambitions are greatness, but, more importantly, justice and aiding those in need. Achilles motivations are negative and his ambitions shallow. However, at the end of his life, we see a positive change in his personality.

Comprehensive Classroom Technology Plan Essay

Section One Vision StatementAs an educator I will encourage the educatees to do their best in the schoolroom leading to academic proveth. Utilizing new engineering science to enhance what is taught from the textbook will help the barbarianren orbit academic plateaus and beyond. Research has sh birth that technology is being designd for communication in the educational surroundings. This advancement has allowed for new possibilities in regards to collaboration and sharing of info and intimacy that will be expected to expand over time. New abidances of technology occupy the power to improve p atomic number 18nt- hearor family by providing easy, efficient, and effective methods of communicating info regarding disciples (Zieger and Tan 30-54). Section Two Mission StatementI will provide all of my students a preventative and nurturing environment to allow them to thrive and grow both academically and personally. E real student will be given the upmost respect which will teach them to reciprocate these sorts amongst themselves. by dint of the creation of an environment conducive for learning the students can utilize the many resources available so they may achieve their academic goals. These resources implicate numerous educational web situations, in appurtenance to other expert resources, that will help students surpass academic standards. A class web site is an in fictile tool that provides access to what is being taught in the classroom and can be presented through pictures and videos. This delegacy of communication helps to reinforce, to the student, lessons they perplex been recently taught. The class web site is a solid link, when utilized by p bents, between home and naturalise. The site often includes the pargonnthandbook, homework assignments and class activities. This advancement in technology allows the p arents an opportunity to stay connected with the school fraternity (Vitalaki, Anastasiadesm and Tsouvelas 125-135, 2014).Clas s web sites reach out to the local and global communities as well. The school accountability committee encourages and provides opportunities for citizens to be twisting in the planning and paygrade of the schools instructional plan and quality improvement process (Vitalaki et al). Planning for unexpected emergencies is something every school must consider and devour communications protocol in place for contacting parents. An important element of the protocol is the tinge contact list. This selective information is necessary to implement student release procedures and should be updated every school year. This will regard timely communication between the school and parents/ protectors if the student should get sick or injured during school hours. As an educator, I have Found EPALS to be an educational tool to connect my students to the global community. This resource allows teachers and their students to participate in collaborative projections. Through this opportunity the ch ildren are connecting with students around the cosmea firearm taking part in educational activities, discussions, and games. One of the projects through EPAL is sharing cultures- a collaborative project between China and the United States. This project gives American school children the opportunity to learn round China musical composition sharing their experiences with students from a nonher country (Vitalaki et al).The cyber introduction can be a very scary place, but one that isnt going away. For this reason, shielding children from negative portions of the internet has been a growing concern over the past few long time for both the parents and the educators. Teachers today have the responsibility to inform their students on how the internet can be utilise as a resource for finding information in a safe manner. Misleading and inappropriate information on the web is one of the major fusss that children tend to have while navigating the internet (Marcoux 67-68). net profit s afety is an issue I will discuss early in the year with my students. During the discussion I will teach them that some people that are online have bad intentions. These people could be bullies or predators. Cyber bullying is a serious problem that takes on many forms such as sending mean messages or threats to a cell phone and spreading rumors online. Cyber bullying can be damaging to adolescents and teens.It can lead to anxiety,depression, and even suicide. Young people who have been a victim of cyber bullying are between two to nine times more than likely to consider suicide than non-victims (Marcoux 67-68). To help alleviate this problem it is the responsibility of educators to discuss this with their students as part of their internet safety discussion. Through the efforts of educators across the country we can promote internet security and encourage safe surfing. Communication through technology serves many purposes in the educational vista. The many benefits range from impro ving relationships with parents using various means through an emergency plan when the unexpected happens. These advances, plus many more, enhance the educational experience of students today. Section Three Integrating Instructional technologyDevelopments in technology have found their way into many aspects of our daily lives. Integrating instructional technology into the 21st century classroom is no exception and is essential in providing the teacher and student with the resources needed to be successful. The importance of this integration has been recognized to the point that, for more than three decades, researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders have promoted computer technology workout within and across learning environments to enhance teaching and learning (Walery). The integration of technology in the classroom increases academic achievement and encourages creativity. Teachers are expanding their use of technology for learning because they believe it enhances their abi lity to communicate with the children and offers stimulating, interactional access to the numerous resources offered on the internet.Through the integration of technology students are encouraged to collaborate, provide input, and parcel out ideas. The students are requesting permission to install educational apps on their IPads which generates an increased level of excitement for learning for the student in a digital era. Teachers and students alike are always looking for the next great idea or the latest app, software or computer program to enhance the learning process (Walery). To effectively integrate technology into the classroom instructors need to understand how to match appropriate technology to the learning goals and expected student outcomes. As with any topic thither are pros and cons and integrating instructional technology into the educational setting is no exception. As an educator I feel the positive side of technology in theclassroom is the excitement that it bring s to the student. There are many inter quick websites available that brings learning to life and they are able to work independently and at their own pace. Students today are no longer sitting at their desk flipping through the pages of a textbook. upbringing in the 21st century has become more interactive and engages the student in the learning process.The down side to the integration of technology in the classroom is the vast amount of information available through the internet. It would be very easy for a student to get lost in the sea of information that is available. Doing research, even as an educator, requires determination and patience. To make research easier for my students I would provide a list of recommended online resources and allow them to make the choice on which ones suit their needs the best. Students today have access to technologies at home and school, especially in the form of mobile technology such as smart phones and iPods. Wireless classrooms are evolving t o keep pace with mobile technology. A wireless classroom utilizes the use of I pads which is a mobile computer that can access the internet (Walery). . This resource allows students to send e-mails through a secure site to their teacher and to communicate, for educational purposes, to another student. In addition to this many apps are available that can be used as management tools by teachers and students. Some of these resources include a calendar and calculator.A wired classroom, in contrast, has multiple desktop computers. While you have the availability of the features in a computer you do not have the freedom to be mobile with technology. The integration of technology in the classroom is essential to support and improve the teaching ability of the instructor and the learning that takes place within the student. Without technology integration in the 21st century classroom our students would be unable to compete in the real world upon completion of their high school education. Se ction Four Software to Support AssessmentAssessments, shaping and summative, allow teachers to collect information to improve student learning. These judgings are an ongoing and continuing process with the major goals being to figure out where students are struggling and put more dialect on those areas. Assessment in the classroom setting helps the teacher examine the expectations he/she has for thestudents. The sagaciousness process also provides administration, teachers, and support staff to evaluate the curriculum. When a thorough judgment program at the classroom level balances formative and summative pupil learning/achievement information, a clear picture arises of where a student is in relationship to learning goals and standards (Garrison & Ehringhaus). There are two types of assessments used to evaluate a students progress, formative and summative. Both assessments are central portions of the collection of information and allow educators to get a balanced picture of a st udents strengths and weaknesses (Ehringhaus). According to Heritage, Kim, and Vendlinski (2007), formative assessment is a systematic process to unendingly gather evidence about learning and if hold ind into the classroom practice it provides the information needed to adjust teaching and learning while they are happening. The data is then used to identify a students capacity to understand, learn, and adapt lessons to help the student to reach the desired learning goal. In the formative assessment the students are active participants along with their teacher.The student shares their learning goals expressing an understanding on how their learning is progressing in addition to how well the material is being mastered. During the assessment process the student receives feedback which serves two functions to identify problem areas and to provide positive reinforcement of successful achievement. One of the tools used in the formative assessment, which contributes to the success of the c hild is the student conference During the conference the pupil sits down with the teacher for a couple of minutes to ensure there is a sufficient level of cognizance with the lesson being taught. Instructor feedback serves to identify the degree to which the instructor was successful and to identify needed changes in instruction that need to be made to assist the student in mastering the material. Other tools used in the formative assessment include the formation of a graphic organizer and having a student distort in sentences identifying the chief(prenominal) point of a lesson that has been taught. These tools allow the teacher to check the students comprehension of the material that has been presented. A summative assessment, in contrast, is used to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit to determine what a student knows and does not know. This type of assessment is more musket ball and at the district/classroom level is an accountability measure that is part ofthe grading process (Garrison).The students comprehension through the summative assessment is measured by an exam, project, or paper. The information that is received from this type of assessment is important it only helps in certain aspects of the learning process and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of school programs, school improvement goals, alignment of the curriculum or student placement in specific areas. Think of the formative assessment as practice and do not hold the students accountable unlike the summative assessment in which plays a role in the students chink at the end of a grading period. There are several advantages to using technology when an instructor needs to assess student learning. When assessing a student via a computer the process is more rapid and productive. When using a computer the students work is graded as the assessment is taken. Another advantage is the kind-hearted element is removed from the equation. An instructor could grade a test poorly based on their mood or because the student has poor handwriting. The downside to giving an assessment using technology is that computers cannot read written answers therefore the test would have to be provided in multiple choice formats. Another downside to assessing students on the computer is that this form of technology is unable to grade projects that are submitted by the children. Technology, like so many things we use in our daily routine, has its perks but does not replace a qualified teacher in the classroom setting. There are many websites and programs available for student assessment. Some of these resources are free while others offer a trial period.Some of these educational sites, which can be used in formative or summative assessments, include Voice-over, PowerPoint games, Blogs, Interactive time lines, and Podcast. To keep children involved in learning teachers have a responsibility to explore every available avenue for formative and summative assessments t o ensure the students is reaching their academic goals. The technological resources that can be utilized as a teacher are the online gradebook and e-mail. The online gradebook gives parents 24-hour access and allows the parents and students to track information regarding grades and upcoming assignments. Teachers, through the use of the online gradebook, can attain assignments with specific dates for when their work is due. The ability to see when a particular student is not doing well because they do not complete work to be through at home or is having difficulty withassessments gives the teacher the opportunity to adjust due dates to accommodate the students specific needs. The online gradebook provides an adequate amount of vision into the educational setting for parents and is a tool I look forward to utilizing to enhance the education of my students.E-mail, which improves communication for parents and teachers, is a requirement for students to be successful in their endeavors a t school. Epstein (2008) find that more students earn higher grades in English and math, improve their reading and writing skills, complete more course credit, set higher aspirations, have emend attendance, come to class more prepared to learn, and have fewer behavior problems when parents are active in their childrens lives. Parents and teachers indicated that emails worked most effectively to communicate about grades because the messages involved simple, concrete information (Thompson). E-mail is a resource I am looking forward to utilizing as an instructor as it is an effective means of communication with parents which is important for the academic success of their children. I do not feel that technology should be used exclusively for assessments. Assessment, as we have learned, involves more the just testing and grading assignments.What goes on in the students life outside the classroom can affect how they perform at school. When parents study to be active in their childrens education, they believe their efforts will have a positive impact on their childrens learning (Anderson and Minke). Rogers and Wright (2008) found that the main reasons that parents did not use technology to communicate with schools were that they either did not have the technology at home or they did not have the skills needed to use the technology to communicate. As educators, we need to find the balance between incorporating technology in our classrooms to keep our students engaged in 21st century learning while realizing the importance that face to face communication has in education. Section Five Technology In The ClassroomThe internet offers numerous learning opportunities and is loaded with an abundance of information. The concern for educators is how to encourage children to take part in constructive and imaginative learning while safeguarding them from inappropriate material, the possibility of coming into contact with people they do not know. Internet safety entails balan cingperceived advantages against tolerable risk. There are many benefits to allowing students to engage in surfing the net. As educators we need to incorporate a Safe & Ethical Internet Surfing Handbook. The handbook will contain guidelines and a student use sympathy form in which the students helped generate. The handbook will also contain information on how to make informed decisions on how to make ethical decisions while surfing the net. This includes proper character reference to avoid copyright infringements. Involving the student in the creation of the handbook will facilitate a deeper understanding of the expectations.Utilizing the internet the children gain valuable skills such as creativity, leadership, team building, confidence, communication, innovation, and initiative (Green and Harmon, 2007). To allow my students the many benefits offered on the internet I will create a Curriculum Resource Page. This tool is an instructor created roll that consists of hyperlinks to v arious websites that have been evaluated and chosen by the teacher. The links provided on the resource page support and enhance the learning that is taking place in the classroom setting. An important aspect in utilizing the curriculum resource page is that it reduces the chance that the children will be able to gain access to a website that may be deemed inappropriate. The curriculum resource page is a valuable tool however, the most important thing an instructor can do is observe the students while doing their lessons. Through observation the teacher can ensure the online safety of the students by making sure inappropriate material is not being viewed. The key is that ethical behavior is not a one or two day lesson, but theme educators discuss throughout the year (Jacobsen & Smith, 1998, paras, 5-6). There is valuable web site that can be incorporated into the classroom discussion regarding internet safety.SafeKids.ne.gov. has lessons, worksheets, and PowerPoint presentations that help reinforce the lessons of online safety to the children.This resource is valuable as it incorporates role playing. This allows the students to be active participants in the lesson of online safety. Youth today are unlikely to think twice about committing a cybercrime (Newman, para.6) and is a growing concern with school-aged children. The use of paper mill about, which are websites that deliver term papers which students can download at no cost and then turn in as their own accredited work. These sites have been increasing at an astonishing rate. InMarch of 1999 approximately 35 of these sites existed and by the end of 2003 the number had jumped to more then 250(Newman, para.9). Steube (1996) stated as more and more schools venture onto the internet, incidents of buccaneering and copyright infringement that were once limited to classrooms are reaching an international audience (para.4). Plagiarism is viewed by the juvenility as a low risk behavior and as educators it is our responsibility to teach the students that this behavior is unacceptable and comes with serious consequences. To ensure my students are respectful while utilizing the internet I will implement a student use agreement form that each child along with their parent/legal guardian will be required to sign as parents need to be involved in their childs behavior while surfing the net.This agreement will contain a code of conduct, in which the children can contribute their thoughts, which will incorporate issues concerning copyright, privacy, and proper use. As an educator I will instruct my students on the correct, ethical, use of computer know-hows as I introduce other age appropriate skills. Some of the areas I will place strong emphasis on are honesty, being trustworthy, and respecting the privacy of others. In addition to these areas of concern I will stress the importance of honoring copyright laws to avoid plagiarism. To ensure my students are aware of how to avoid plagiarism I would present a Power Point teaching the proper way to cite resources. I would fork over this resource intermittently throughout the year to make sure the concept is not forgotten. Through my effort my students will become responsible cyber-citizens (Baum, 2005). The incidence of plagiarism has become more become more widespread because it is easy to get the information by visiting websites on their specific topic. Other less cognize Codes of Computer Ethics I will address include is the use of all capital letters is considered yelling and therefore impolite, and that humor and sarcasm are viewed as criticism and therefore should be used sparingly or avoided all together.ReferencesAronin, A. and ONeal M. Twenty ways to assess students using technology. Science mise en scene 34.9 (2011) n. page. Grand Canyon University Fleming Library. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. Baum, Janna J. Cyber ethics The New Frontier. Techtrends Linking Research & Practice To ImproveLearning 49.6 (2005) 54-78.Academic Sea rch Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. Cakir, R. (2012). Technology Integration and Technology leading in Schools as Learning Organizations. Turkish Online journal Of Educational Technology TOJET, 11(4), 273-282. Garrison, C. and Ehringhaus M. Formative and Summative Assessments in the Classroom. Association for Middle Level Education. N.P., n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. Herro, D., Kiger, D., & Owens, C. (2013). peregrine Technology Case-Based Suggestions for Classroom Integration and Teacher Educators. Journal Of Digital Learning In Teacher Education, 30(1), 30-40.Hussain, Ashiq1, et al. Assessment Model How To Assess Students Learning? International Journal of Science in Society 2.4 (2011) 85-97. Omni File Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Wed. 6 Apr. 2014. Lambert, K. (2012, April). Tools for Formative Assessment. Retrieved April 19, 2014, fromhttp//www.levy.k12.fl.us/instruction/Instructional_Tools/60FormativeAssessment.pdf Marcoux, E Betty. Cybersecurity and School Libraries. Teacher Libra rian 38.2 (2010) 67-68. Education Research Complete. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.Pilgrim J . Bledsoe C. and Reily S. New Technologies in the Classroom. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 78.4 (2012) 16-22. Education Research Complete. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.Riemenschneider, Cynthia, K. Lori N. K. Leonard, and Tracy S. Manly. Students Ethical Decision-Making In An Information Technology stage setting A Theory Of Planned Behavior Approach. Journal Of Information Systems Education 22.3 (2011) 203-214.Business Source Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. SafeKids.ne.gov Internet Safety Information for the Whole Family. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http//www.safekids.ne.gov/lesson_1.htmlSharples, M. et al. E-Safety and Web 2.0 For Children older 1116. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 25.1 (2009) 70-84.Education Research Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2014, Darrell, W. Wireless Technology in K-12 Education. Net Lingo The Internet mental lexicon Online Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms. N.P., Mar.-Apr. 2004. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. Shelly, Gary B.Gunters A. Gunter J. Teachers discovering computers Integrating technology in a connected world.07. Web. 13. 2014Stull J. Varnum S. Ducette J. and Schiller J. The Many Faces of Formative Assessment. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 23.1 (2011) 30-399. GCU Fleming Library. Web. 6 Apr. 2014.Vitalak E , Panagiotes S. Anastasiadesm Tsouvelas G , and Tsouvelas G. Factors Influencing Parental Control For The Safe And Pedagogical Internet Use Among Primary School Students. Problems Of Education In The 21St Century 42.(2012) 125-135. Education Research Complete. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.Zieger, Bardroff L. and Tan J. Improving Parent Involvement in Secondary Schools through Communication Technology. Journal of Literacy & Technology 13.2 (2012) 30-54. Web. 23 Mar. 2014

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 19

EllaThe next day is lighter somehow, like Ive been buried in the sand and someone has finally dug me prosc clapperclawed. Micha get down the appearance _or_ semblances happier too, although I can recognise hes still hurting, so I work on keeping his mind distracted.So what did you do to it? I ask Micha as I circle the back end of his car with my hands on my hips, taking in the scratches and dings in the black paint, which look worsened in the sunlight.I took it for a in truth intense joy ride. A lazy grin stretches across his face as he puts his head below the hood to examine the engine.I plant my howevert on the edge where hes working and cross my leg over my knee. At least tell me you won? And that the scratches and dings were totally worth it.Of eat. Theyre always worth it, he maintains with a hidden meaning that only the two of us could ever understand.Gripping the edge, I cant over back over the engine and give him a peck on the cheek. He grins, tosses a greasy rag ont o the ground, and pinches my ass. A squeak comes out of my blab as I jump from the pinch and fall toward the engine. Pushing myself back up, I build up grease all over my arms and backside. I hops glowering the hood, trying to c scat the grease off with my hands, unless its only making a bigger mess.Micha laughs at me as he retrieves a newly tool box from the top shelf. Thats a good look for you.I stick out my tongue and turn to leave.Where are you going? he asks.I hold up my greasy hands. Thanks to you, I have to go take a exhibitioner and wash my c tradehes.A wicked look dances in his look. I have grease all over me to. I think I may need to come in there with you.My stomach flips view about last night. I keep backing up toward my house with my eyeball on him. Ill tell you what. If you can catch me, you can shower with me.His eyes scroll my body as he sucks his lip ring in between his teeth. Is that a challenge, pretty girl?I try non to smiling as I exit the garage int o the sunlight, but its too much and my lips turn upward. I take off toward my house and his footsteps head after me. I jump the fence gracefully, but by the time I reach the back threshold, his arms are circling my waist. He spins me rough and picks me up effortlessly. Hooking my legs slightly his waist, he opens the door and gets us into the kitchen.He glances around the room and cocks an eyebrow. Is Lila here?I shake my head slowly. Shes with Ethan.What about your dad?He went to work.His aqua eyes darken and I cant help but kiss him. I feel him walking, traveling somewhere as our tongues entwine together. I run my fingers by dint of his hairs-breadth grabbing onto as much of him as possible, shutting my fear away and basking in the moment.Without breaking his lips away from mine, he carries me into the shootstairs bathroom. When I hear the shower irrigate supply turn on, I pull my lips away from his. Before I can ask what hes doing, he sets me toss off underneath the war m peeing.I let out a scream as my clothes are drenched.See, this way youre washing your clothes and taking a shower at the same time. He grins and tips the showerhead down so it smashs more of me.I seize the front of his T- tog and yank him forward, so he stumbles into the running water. He braces his hands on the walls, and water sprays over his hair and drips down his face.I smile at him innocently and allow the water to stream down my body. Now youre all clean too.He shakes his head, then shoves away from the wall and jumps all the way into the shower with me. He shuts the curtain and seals us within the steam. His jeans and T-shirt are sopping wet and string of beads of water drip into his eyes. I run my hand across his forehead over a spot of grease and then through his hair. He aims the shower head down on me and I tip my head back into the flow. He combs his fingers through my hair sensually and his other hand comes down on the wall behind me as he gathers some of my hair into his hand. Pulling at the roots, he leads me toward him for a deep, watery kiss. Steam surrounds us and makes the passion inside my body ignite.Panic pop offs screaming inside my head, but I tell it to shut up and suck the water off his lips as I breakthrough the bottom of his shirt to lift it over his head. He pulls back and helps me out, slipping it off and tossing it to the side, instantly reuniting his lips with mine. My fingers trace a eagle-eyed the lines of his muscles and the pattern of the tattoo on his rib cage the lyrics to the first song he ever wrote.His hands explore my hips, my waist, then up my shirt. Finally, I just take it off for him and then he unhooks my bra. Our bare chests crash together as we continue to kiss underneath the hot water. Minutes later, the rest of our clothes are in a muddle by our feet and I can hardly think straight. The way he touches me, kisses me nothing has ever felt like this before.He sucks on my breast and licks the water off m y skin on my bare stomach, continuing to go down until his tongue finds the right spot. I fall back against the wall as a scream claws up my throat and I lose total control over my body.This time I dont mind.MichaAfter Ella comes apart, I turn the water off and grab a towel off the hook. She raises her arms above her head, keeping her eyes on me as I wrap the towel around her.What? I ask her, because I can tell shes thinking deeply about something.Nothing. She shrugs casually, but her cheeks turn a little pink. Its just that if I would have cognise all along that it felt that good, I probably wouldnt have fought it so hard.Well, Im glad you think Im that good, I tease her snatching another towel and tying it around my waist.She nibbles on her lip apprehensively as she crosses her arms and rests back against the wall.Alright, pretty girl, I demand. What are you thinking about?She lets her lip pop free. It just doesnt apprehendm fair that Im the one that gets to have all the fun.I try not to get too excited, because lets face it, shes a runner. Im sure Ill have plenty of fun by myself later.She reaches forward hesitantly and yanks the towel off my waist.That was smooth, I say, gripping the edge of the counter, fighting to stay calm.Her eyes travel over my body. I intentional from the best. She runs her fingers softly along my swollen cock, making me harder than I already am.Fuck, Ella, I say, leaning back against the door and letting go.EllaI have no nous what the hell came over me and Im not going to over analyze it. I can finally breathe again and thats all that matters. Letting things take their course might be exactly what we both need.Micha wraps a towel around his waist looking happier than Ive ever seen him. He kisses me, sucking my bottom lip thinly into his mouth, before pulling away and staring into my eyes. Youre so beautiful.Smiling, I stare down at our wet clothes balled up in the corner. Now what do we do?He licks his lips and braces his hand s on the wall, trapping my head between his arms. We could do it again.I swat his chest, pretending that hes being silly, even though I do want to do it again. I mean how do we get out of here? Our clothes are soaking wet and Im not putting mine back on.He shrugs and leans away. No ones home so keep the towel on you and run upstairs.I eye over his lean chest. Yeah, but what about you?You can go get me some clothes after you get dressed if you want to. His lips tug into a flirty grin.I start to say something, but the back door slams shut and Lila and Ethans voices float from the kitchen.Well, there goes that plan, Micha says with laughter in his tone.I tighten the towel around me and we wait for them to leave, but after a while, its clear theyre not going anywhere.Ill go out there, Micha says and heads for the door.I pull him back by the arm. Youre in a towel.Obviously.But theyll see you and know something was up.He cocks his head to the side, his eyes scrutinizing me. Is that a bad thing?I hug my arms around myself. No, its just that what are we going to tell them we were doing?Im sure theyll figure it out, he says. Why is this upsetting you?Its not, I reply, deciding to just be honest. Its just that this is like the realest thing Ive had in a long time and it scares me a bit.He tucks a strand of my damp hair out of my eyes. I know it does, but youll be okay well be okay.I nod quickly and then move away from the wall, straightening my shoulders. Are you coming back after you change?He plants a kiss on my forehead. Where else would I go?I move out of his way and he walks out the door in his towel, like hes not embarrassed at all. He leaves the door cracked behind him and seconds later I hear the sound of Lilas shocked voice followed by the laughter of Ethan. A few seconds later footsteps head my way.Oh Ella, Lila says through the crack in the door. Can I come in?Holding the towel on, I open the door about half way. Could you go get me some clothes, please? Min e are soaking wet.She covers her mouth, stifling her laughter. Sure. Ill be right back.She comes back with a pair of red shorts and a greyness tank top. I get dressed and we meet Micha and Ethan out in the garage. Michas wearing a pair of loose fitted jeans and his favorite Pink Floyd t-shirt, and he tries not to smirk when he sees me, but Ethan doesnt hold back.Have fun this morning? he asks me and I punch him in the arm.Ow, he fakes hurt and then glances down at the engine. Dude, you ripped this thing to shit. What the fuck did you do to it?I took it down to Taylor Bay and drag raced it, he says with a shrug. I guess I pushed it too hard. so whered the dents come from? I question, peering underneath the hood.I had an unfortunate run in with another car, he says, with a twinkle in his eye as he captures my gaze. But I still won.Ethan sighs and slams the hood shut. Get in and well take it to the shop.We pile into the car and Micha drives it up on the grass to maneuver it around Eth ans motortruck parked in the center of the driveway. We drive down the road toward the shop holding hands over the console, listening to Lila and Ethan chat about their day, something so simple, but so meaningful.When Micha pauses at a stop sign, Mikeys cherry red Camaro rolls up to the side of us. He points at Michas car and then one of his friends mockingly waves. seat asshole, Ethan mutters from the backseat.I roll down the window. Is there a problem?Mikey laughs and aims a finger at the hood. Whatd ya do to that poor thing? It sounds like its dying.It sounds a lot better than your piece of shit car on a good day, I retort, sitting up and sticking my head out the window.Ella, Lila says from the backseat, shocked.Let her go, Ethan says. Shes very entertaining when she gets this way.Mikeys greasy black hair shines in the sun as he pokes his head out of the car. You can keep talking, but it aint going to do no good since youre both too chicken shit to race me. You guys proved that at the last race.Only because your small size was unimpressive, I say with an innocent bat of my eyelashes.That pisses him off. He jumps out of the car and Micha pulls me back in and leans over the console, resting an arm around my shoulder protectively, knowing that Mikeys the kind of guy that would hit a girl. Mikey glances up the street before crouching down next to the door.If you two think youre so tough then prove it, he says with a acid tone. The game Road, nine oclock.Im pretty sure she already explained to you that your car isnt worth our time, Micha says evenly. So back the fuck off and get back in your car.The Back Road, nine oclock, he repeats slowly before backing away and climbing into his car. And Im sure with the noises your cars making, it should be a pretty fair race.He revs his engine, proving something, before stop number off through the intersection, leaving tire marks on the asphalt.What a jerk, Lila says from the backseat. Getting in your face like that wh o does that?I turn to Micha with a illegal face. Im sorry.He delicately sketches his finger along my lips and sighs. Its okay. Well figure something out Besides you can make it up to me later.We cant fix your car that fast, man. Ethan leans over the console, shoving the sleeves of his black shirt up to his elbows, revealing several tattoos on his arms. Its nowhere close to being in racing condition.I know, Micha replies and starts driving again. I guess well just have to go in there blind.It could fall apart if you push it too hard, Ethan cautions. Then youd be back to square one with it.Wait a minute. Lila holds up her hands in front of her. You guys arent seriously going to race him, are you?We have to, Ethan and Micha say at the same time.Lila glances at me for an explanation. Why?Ethan slumps back in the seat and brings his knee up as he turns to Lila. Its how things work around here. If we dont, then well get hounded for it for the rest of our lives.Okay Lila says jolting in t he seat as the car hits a pothole. Whats wrong with that?Ethan rifles for a way to explain it to her, brushing his dark hair out of his eyes. Itd be like getting picked on any day in school by everyone in the school.Lila tucks her hands under her legs. That doesnt sound very fun.Exactly, so you can understand why we have to race. He folds his arms and directs his attention back to Micha. Go to the shop, man and well see what we can get fixed before its time to go.

Elliot Company Essay

The Elliot Company was established in the early 1950s and has been a profitable greeting card company. It had always been a pioneer in developing creative means to attract its target group, in spite of which the groups food market sh ar has been limited to hardly 4% in the industry. Industry leader Hallmark has the lions share of around 41%, American Greetings about 30%, followed by oer 300 companies, including Elliot Company that account for the catch ones breathing share.Technological advancements in the telephone industry and the advent of the internet have pushed most greeting card companies against a wall, with flat sales, diminishing margins and a threat of decimation. The way forward is to identify means of generating sales by entering newer markets and the company has identified two markets that remain unexplored for Elliot CompanyAmerican Hispanic marketOverseas English speaking marketProblem StatementElliot Company had never ventured into unchartered territories, and fi nds both these markets intricate. The American Hispanic market is unique and has different sensitivities than the dominant white and black market that Elliot Company has been catering to. Meeting the needs of the overseas market is even more(prenominal) complicated as the company would need to study several cultures and meet their respective needs. Marketing the product to both these unique markets is the quarrel that Elliot Company faces, for which a solution is required. The company cannot enter both the markets at once, and hence an ideal market should be identified that would suit the interests of the company.There are about 30 million Hispanics in America, who predominantly come from Mexico, Cuba and other Spanish dominated countries. The interesting facts about this race areThe Hispanic population has the highest growing population in the country with almost 40% of population growth between the years 1985 to 2010, coming from this community.The Hispanic population can be br oadly divided into three groups, the native Spanish people who speak and follow Spanish culture alone the assimilated Spanish, who cannot be distinguished from the Americans and the Accultured Spanish, who are about 57% of the Hispanic population. (Arjona, Shah, Tinivelli & Weiss, 1998)The Hispanic community prefer significant influence of their culture in the marketing process, even if the conference occurred in English.Price certain audience that chooses price over valueJust like the Hispanic community, the overseas market has different sensitivities that make it an equally tough opportunity to set off into. Also, there are certain problems the company faces when entering these markets, which are listed below.Existence of binary cultures in each countrySemantic barriers that can prevent communication as anticipatedCultural perceptions about greeting cards, as customers in some countries prefer customized and hand written communication to pre-printed cards.Huge costs of interr ogation & development, product and distribution.List of Critical factorsThe management if Elliot Company is apprehensive with both the solutions provided by the consultants, as each of them has their own concerns, which are listed above. A study shows that more than eighty percent of greeting cards customers, the world over are women. Hence, whichever strategy adopted by Elliot Company, would need to target the women predominantly. Which group of women, overseas women or Hispanic American women, can be targeted easily is one critical factor of success.While venturing into foreign markets like UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand would be good woof for the penetration of the company into newer markets, it would expose the company to the competition of each market. While Canada is a market that Elliot Company should find easy to understand with its proximity to the American culture, each of the other markets is complex in their own ways. Hallmark has already made preparations to lau nch Spanish greeting cards by including several Spanglish messages (The upper-case letter Times, 2002), and would aggressively market its brand when compared to Elliot Company. Hence, which market is less competitive and can easily be penetrated becomes the second critical factor.The third critical factor is the consumers buying behavior in both these markets. Hispanic customers have a buying behavior that is strongly influenced by culture and cultural cues, which include brilliance for family, formality and status. (Haegele, 2000 in Lynn Brandon, Judith C. Forney, 2002) The above three factors can contribute greatly to the success of Elliot greeting cards in this target group, the company can revolve about the marketing strategy on how to express emotions to its family, how to upkeep formalities and use greeting cards as a status symbol for greeting someone. On the contrary, some of the overseas markets are less liberal and more demanding. The culture of Australia and New Zealan d is strongly influenced from the English, and the English culture finds it more appropriate to send a personalized letter than a pre-designed and pre-printed greeting card. The success of the company is dependent on how well it breaks this cultural barrier.Recommended SolutionIn spite of the advantages of a large market that the company can cater to when it reaches out to the overseas market, it is recommended that Elliot Company focus on reaching out to the Hispanic American community, by offer customized greeting cards.JustificationThe biggest factor that justifies the above recommendation is the huge costs involved in establishing a brand and a business overseas, in multiple markets. To reach out to the overseas English market also would require significant investments in look into about respective cultures, making the cost of research irrelevant for the decision making process for either decisions.A third of the Hispanic community would identify themselves with the rest of t he Americans, and no special campaigns need to be done for them. However, the accultured Hispanics and the native Spanish speakers prefer a brand that they can identify with their ethnic group, to a business that seems very un-ethnic. (Dyer & Ross, 2000) Elliot Company should reach to the Hispanic community with a brand that they can identify with, design greeting cards based on their preferences and deliver the same as per their needs. Mere translations from the everlasting(a) designs that Elliot owns might not be as helpful, as designing cards that meet the needs of the Hispanic customers.ReferencesLuis D. Arjona, Rajesh Shah, Alejandro Tinivelli & Adam Weiss (1998) Marketing to the Hispanic Consumer, diary entitle The McKinsey Quarterly. Volume 1. Issue 3. Publication Year 1998. Page Number 106+Lynn Brandon, Judith C. Forney (2002), Influences on Female Purchase Motivations and Product Satisfaction a Comparison of Casual and ball Lifestyles and Anglo and Hispanic Ethnicity, J ournal Title Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences. Volume 94. Issue 1. Publication Year 2002. Page Number 54+Linda M. Dyer, Christopher A. Ross (2000), Ethnic Enterprises and Their Clientele, Journal Title Journal of Small Business Management. Volume 38. Issue 2, Page Number 48Spanglish Speakers Mix Home Languages Popular Trend Seen as Obstacle. Newspaper Title The capital letter Times. Publication Date November 21, 2002. Page Number A01

Whales vs Dolphins

The oceans ar inhabited by various kinds of animals and plants, such as fish, cetacean (whales, dolphins and porpoises), cephalo seedpods (octopus and squid), crustaceans (lobsters, clams, shrimp and krill), planktons, starfish, Jelly fish etc. The largest In bulk Is the cetacean order. Although whales and dolphins have various outer appearance they belong to the very(prenominal) order and get by some(prenominal) similarities. First of all, they are both mammals and share similar characteristics of the anatomy.They have similar vital organs and skeleton, and they breathe and eproduce in the same way. If we scrutinize (take chthonic scrutiny) their way of breathing, we lavatory see that both of them breathe through blow holes which are nasal openings on top of their head. Both breathe with lungs which make them different from the class of fish. Moreover, they reproduce in the same way by giving birth to a live young which is nourished with milk by its mothers. eightieth have o ne calf at a time and their gestation period ranges from 9 to 18 months.The calves are born tall first to minimize the risk of drowning. Then the calf Is lifted by Its mother to the surface so that It takes Its first breath. Nursing continues for more than a year. Secondly, we can spot many similarltles regarding their social behavior, vocalization and sleeping methods. Whales and dolphins live In plods which are groups of either whales or dolphins respectively. Members of the pod protect each other, feed and migrate together. The number of pods members whitethorn vary from 2 to 50. Additionally, they communicate between each other by emitting sounds i. . by vocalization. There use dfferent sounds for different purposes. Generally, these sounds are used for communication, attracting mates and localizing beg i. e. echolocation. What is more, they display similar behavior when it comes down to their sleeping methods. They are both conscious breathers and thus they cannot afford to b e unconscious while sleeping because that may lead to drowning. Hence only one hemisphere of their brain sleeps at a time, so they rest but are never completely asleep. Thirdly, they are considered to have naughty Intelligence and emotional empathy.Both are highly social beings and they have a complex form of communication with each other which can be defined as language. They cooperate with each other, teach, learn and even grieve. They are very protective of each other and will defend their family and pod from any potential threats. Moreover, they are able to sympathies not only with their relatives but also with other animals in need. Their possession of spindle cells indicates a possibility of high intelligence. Spindle cells are also found in humans, apes and elephants.Scientists find them to have an important role in any cognitive abilities and disabilities ranging from great perceptiveness and undefiled pitch to autism and dyslexia. What Is more, in self-awareness experime nts they can Identify their reflections in a mirror. To sum up, despite their different physical appearance they are strikingly slmllar. They belong to the same cetacean order and thus share many traits regarding their are compassionate, sociable animals which treat their families in a similar way we do. They are fascinating creatures and I believe that there is even more to surprise us if we explore them further.

Customer Relationship Management and Support Related Cost

1. Discuss in short the factors that drove Harrahs customer relationship strategy. 2. Discuss briefly the integration between Harrahs patron database and the marketing workbench. 3. Discuss briefly whether Harrahs business and IT strategies were aligned, and what factors contributed to or detracted from achieving alignment. 4. Does Harrahs have a sustainable competitive advantage? Can other companies duplicate what Harrahs has done? 5. What are the lessons you learn from the experiences at Harrahs that can benefit other companies embarking on a customer relationship management initiative?In Old termsing system , framework realted overhead cost was divided into 3 categories1)Material related 2)Production related 3)Support relatedThe choke off related cost were allocated based on sum of lineal material , direct labor costs , material overhead and production overhead. Compared to overaged costing system, in PROKASTA 2 additional cost pools (Order processing and special components re lated cost) to allocated support related costs. This strategy was in line with management belief that support cost was more driven by number of ordinances of motors and number of special components mandatory to process the order instead of machine hours and labor hours required to process the orderWith PROKASTA , the cost of base motor and cost of custom component using old costing system but support related cost pool (pre-PROKASTA) unit cost . Then PROKASTA cost elements were then added. It allowed the firm to relate cost and product mix strategy With new costing system , firm was able to determine proper cost of each order and the profitability of the order it received. Based on the PROKASTA the manager were able to identify which orders were profitable and which were not . It also allowed to determine price at which motors were transferred from EMW toto the sales Division3.Do you agree with Siemenss decision to set up both sales and EMW as profit Centre? What are the cost and be nefits?Siemens was a decentralised organisation with 7 major groups and 5 corporate divisions. The firm is required to identify the profitability of each and every division to evaluate peromonce and make proper divsions. So in this regards it makes sense to set up both sales and EMW as profit centreBenefits 1)Decisions are better and more timely because of the managers proximity to local conditions 2)Managers will have more control over resultsCosts 1)Insufficient information available to top management increased costs of obtaining detailed information. 2)Lack of coordination among managers in different move of the organization.4.Do transfer determine system make sense? Why do you think so? Yes , I think transfer pricing makes sense. Transfer pricing will help Generate separate profit figures for each division and thereby evaluate the performance of each division separately. Transfer prices make managers alert of the value that goods and services have for other segments of the firm and will help in determining sales and pricing decisions It will also affect the assignation of an organizations resources

Financial groups Essay

To sidereal day, Barclays is one of the close to powerful monetary groups in the world. But its origins can be traced game to a much more modest backing, founded more than 300 days ago in expound close to the Groups global headquarters in the heart of Londons financial district. In the late 17th century, the streets of the City of London were filled with goldsmith- chamferers, who provided monarchs and merchants with the notes they needed to fund their ventures more or less the world. One such business was founded by John Freame and his partner Thomas Gould in Lombard Street, London, in 1690.The hang Barclay became associated with the company in 1736, when James Barclay who had married John Freames daughter became a partner. Private banking was parking atomic number 18a in the 18th century, bankers would keep their clients gold deposits secure and lend to credit-worthy merchants. By the 1890s there were virtually 100 private banks. In 1896, 20 of these companies came together to form a modernistic joint-stock bank. The in the lead partners of the new bank, which was named Barclay and Company, were already connected by a web of family and business relationships. The new bank had 182 branches, mainly in the East and southward East, and deposits of i26 zillion a substantial sum of money in those days. It expanded its branch network rapidly by victorious everyplace former(a) banks, including Bolithos in Cornwall and the reciprocal ohm West in 1905 and United Counties depone in the Midlands in 1916. In 1918 the company now Barclays Bank Limited amalgamated with the London, Provincial and South Western Bank to become one of the UKs tolerant five banks. By 1926 the bank had 1,837 outlets in its own name. The development of todays global business began in 1925, with the merger of iii banks in which Barclays held shares, the Colonial Bank, the Anglo Egyptian Bank and the National Bank of South Africa.The new Barclays Bank had businesses in much of Africa, the Middle East and the West Indies. Its name changed to Barclays Bank DCO in 1954, in response to changed economic and political conditions. It became Barclays policy to decentralise, away form London setting up topical anaestheticly-established banks, and 1985 called Barclays Bank. Todays Barclays has tremendous global strength and a reputation for being first with modernistic products and services. As of 30 June 2000, staff worldwide consisted of 70,300, of which 52,300 were in the UK.Today, Barclays has five business groupings that are managed as world(prenominal) businesses, reflecting changing customer needs and the developments taking place in global financial services. Barclays Barclays makes a depend and significant contribution to the sanitary-being of the UK economy. The banking sector accounts for approximately 4. 2 per cent of the UKs national output. In 1998, the financial industry contributed i 4. 6 billion to government revenues in mainstream cor poration tax. Barclays merely remunerative a total of i 533 million in taxes in 1998. Around 30 million transactions are processed every day by means of UK clearing systems.The number of ways it is possible to regain financial services is dramatically increasing for the benefit of customers. Telephone banking, increased accessibility to gold machines, substance that millions of customers can use banking services 24 hours a day. Demand for these services is rising as an alternate(a) to branch-based banking and, as a consequence of this the number of traditional branched will continue to decline. receivable to the settlement of branches there has been a decline in the number of personal line of credits across the banking sector. Reasons for Change and Actions TakenThe main think for the change is the changing needs of the consumers. More people are working know, leading busier lives with longer days and travelling more and needing glaring access to money without having to queue and wait. Customer tastes are becoming increasingly diverse, whilst some people want the immediacy of 24 hour electronic access to their money whilst others lifelessness prefer personal, face to face service from cashiers. Having seen that people want more irregular access to their money Barclays have set up over 25,000 ATMs, expanded their telephone banking service and offer the worlds leading internet banking service.They boast statistic of One million customers have signed up for our telephone banking service. Our call centres contract 25 calls every minute. The number of cash machined available to customers had more than trebled in the past five years. Barclays online banking has attracted more than 450,000 customers since it was launched in1996 Barclays has to keep its services in the public interest as they face serious competition from transnational banking corporation, supermarkets offering cash back, and even car manufactures can offer banking services.In the la st sextet years the total number of credit calling card issuers has more than doubled. The recent advances in technology, particularly digital information, guess that many of the new competitors in the financial market do not need to maintain a nationwide chain of branches. It is possible, and much cheaper, to provide financial services over the telephone, PC or internet. Due to the increase of competition it has been important for Barclays to aim to lead the way for banking in the future, and excessively for them to be minute that they handle their customers needs and expectations.One of the biggest challenges for all financial services providers is to develop a new eons of more sophisticated, flexible products and services. Customers want and require straight forward easy access to their cash, whether it be through a cash machine, over that phone or the cash desk. At Barclays it is possible for customers to chose what kind of accounts they want, for show side all in one ac counts, such as those offered by Virgin One and Mortgage combine or they can opt for savings accounts from building societies and insurance companies.Traditional banking providers are offering more advanced current accounts. The number of customers choosing Barclays more advanced current account is increasing. Services such as internet banking unheard of ten years ago, are now offered as standard by most banks. Barclays has a long memoir of innovation. They were the first bank in the world to install the cash dispenser, this was fit(p) at their Enfield branch in 1967 having previously launched the first credit card in Europe in 1966. In the 1980s they introduced the UKs first debit card.In October 1998, Barclays became the first bank to introduce instant banking, and to allow the credit card to offer customer access to their current account and credit card details over the phone. Barclays solves that to keep up with competition that they will have to continue their long history of investment in production and service innovation, increase the use of the technology available to them, ie the internet, e-commerce and telebanking. They also propose to provide business customers with full euro capabilities and offering their personal banking customers an even broader range of flexible savings, owe and loan plans.Barclays has spent over i 10 million on customer research programmes in 1999 to ensure that they have an in depth understanding of the needs of their customers and their expectations. In total they surveyed more than 1. 7 million personal customers during 1999. They found that customers were generally satisfied with their financial service provider. Customers said that they regarded Barclays as solid, honorable and reliable in terms of the funds and business they entrusted in them. However it was noticed that customers wanted an emolument in the one to one service and for individual circumstances to be well received.Having heard this Barclays responde d by launching a series of initiatives, many of these involved better use of customer data allowing them to sojourn customers needs and allowing them to pre-approve loans, overdrafts and mortgage arrangements. Barclays aims to make a contribution to the community, in September 1999 they announced proposals to contribute i 100 million to a new regional Venture Capital Fund, offering loans to growing businesses that are unable to gain conventional bank funding, this was part of Barclays aim to promote economic regeneration.Barclays has also develop three national sponsorship programmes, these include, Barclays New Futures, this is the largest educational sponsorship scheme worth i 8 million over eight years, run in conjunction with Community Service Volunteers. Barclays Sitesavers, this is the largest environmental regeneration sponsorship worth i 3 million over six years, this is a partnership scheme with Groundwork, they are aiming to turn run-down land into in to parks, gardens, play areas and sports grounds.Barclays Stage Partner aims to allow people who otherwise could not break to go to the theatre, it will cost Barclays a total of i 4. 5 million over six years. However for Barclays to keep up with competition in the millennium it was necessary for them to widen their market and a merger with the Woolwich was proposed. Both the chief executive of Woolwich and Barclays realised that they had a shared philosophy, strategy and vision, as well as their views on the future of banking being similar.A deal between Woolwich and Barclays would double Barclays share of some(prenominal) the mortgage and savings market, provide access to the countrys second largest team of independent financial advisers and give it Open Plan, Woolwichs all-in-one bank account, which was adding a further 8,000 customers a week. However, due to the merger taking place over 100 Woolwich branches were located within 100 metres of a Barclays, as these were now supernumerary these 100 Woolwich branches were closed, leaving the group with a combined total of 2,000 branches.Barclays said that the Woolwich name would be unploughed and would become the mortgage brand for Barclays products. The newly merged group now had more than 16 million customers, with both sets being able to attain the advantages from both Barclays and Woolwich. However Barclays continued closing banks, closing a further 171 branches across Britain. It was argued that to keep up with their plan and to advance in this world with new change technology it was no longer necessary to have so many branches.If the bank was not to realise this and change its methods of banking it would go out of business. However as Britains second biggest bank it was still gruelling for them to justify the closing of so many branches with little pre warning leaving 7,500 people with no job and over 40,000 customers, most from rude communities without there local banking service. Barclays said that even after the colony of the rural branches people living in those areas would still have a local branch within three miles.This however was not true as now many customers face round trips of twenty miles to utility(a) branches and fears have been raised for the safety of people carrying cash to be cashed into their accounts. In one case a 79 year old woman staged a sit in at their local Barclays Bank to protest against plans to close it. The locals were said to be devastated and worried to be losing their local bank and the effect it would have on businesses. Protest groups across the country are planning sit ins and other forms of disruption to try to deter Barclays from closing their local branches.Barclays quickly picked up on the negative cash dispenser towards them in the areas they had closed the branches and announced that they had agreed a deal allowing customers to pay cash and cheques and go to sleep cash from their local government agency office. The bank arranged this in 155 of t he 171 areas were they had closed the banks. Barclays said that they hoped that the deal with the post offices would help to keep them open in areas they were they too were under threat. However locals complained that the new service was no substitute for full time banking facilities.It is not just Barclays facing these problems, most banks have been closing their local branches and been changing to more modern methods of financial services and issuing money. With more people working, with less time to go to the banks it is necessary for them to be able to withdraw cash at any time of day of night. In the past, when less woman worked it was possible for the woman to go to the bank and to cash in cheques and withdraw money, however now, often with both members of the family working it leaves little time to get to the bank, thus the need for instant services, ie.Telephone, Internet banking and twenty- four hour cash dispensers. Though many jobs have been lost through the closure of al l the branches a vast number of jobs have been opened up through telephone banking, with Barclays alone boasting more than twenty- five calls minute. It is often the people who are scared of change who resist to it, though it may inconvenience them at first, in the long run it will benefit them allowing them easier access to their money.

Modern Educational System Essay

I decided to write about education system in Ukraine because I think it is very common problem and because Im a student as well. Educational system in Ukraine at the present stage is sufficiently complex and hard-to-reach for citizens. Despite the item that officially education is considered to be free of charges on all levels for children, in reality p bents exhibit series of problems that are not so easy to deal with, unless they have certain savings of money. So for example, parents are obliged to reserve places in kindergartens even before the children are born.Because if you do not do this by the time your child is three years old there will be no more than(prenominal) vacant place left. And of course we must not forget that all institutions of pre drill educations under one originator or many other demand financial contribution for various needs. The same range of problems is applied to school education with distinction that parents are forced to purchase different te aching material on their admit in many cases. Another very important subject matter is related to the field of forcible activity for children and teenagers.It is well known that for everyone, who is nearly six or seven years old, immovable delight on the lessons for forty five minutes is nearly a torture and fifteen minutes of miscarry are not enough for proper progress and harmony of such a young and growth organism. But even in spite of this it makes no difference to us and we continue to insist on such unnatural methods doctrine of torment for our children. The question is why? Against the background of this days register we are confronting the constant cases of childrens overwork and fatal outcomes.The structure of higher education in Ukraine harmonise to its ideology and goals corresponds to the structure of education in some developed countries of the world. It is very important that in March, 2005 Ukraine has joined the Bologna system and became an active participant of development of the all-European space in the sphere of higher education. For immediately there are 951 higher educational institutions of different levels of accreditation in Ukraine which conduct preparation of qualified experts of more than 500 specialties.But even more difficult tasks are in prospect to be figure out in the system of higher education, so as to adjust proximate planed dependence from demand and volunteer of experts in different spheres of activity. Nowadays in our country we experience luck of teachers, medical workers, and profile engineers in various sectors and in the same time we have overabundance of such professions as economists, lawyers and others. Its not a secret that education is not an exception, as well as other systems in our country, where we confront corruption.This issue is one of the most problematic and hard-to-solve for Ukrainian population. For example, Prime Minister of Ukraine N. Azarov has signed a declare of the Cabinet of Minister s aimed at improving the quality of IT professionals, strengthening cooperation between business and education, bringing education to the needs of pains and labor market. One of the key barriers of IT industry development is lack of human resources. The level of IT graduates rarely meets the requirements of the labor market today.Lack of practical training, insufficient level of position proficiency, miss of skills working in the team all lead to the fact that only 25% of graduates are to work in IT industry and this is very low index. Most likely that we lost true value of the word education is educating, that kernel to create and give new image or character to people but not obligate them with unlimited amount of knowledge and information that sometimes is not only interesting but unnecessary.English word education or Latin word educo in comparison with the Russian equivalent, expose more precise definition of the notion we putting in this concept by nurturing. It is the pu rpose of education in every country rising new spiritual and moral generation this is our ultimate aim. One of the most vivid examples of such a high-quality education were times of imperial Russia in the middle of XVIII century, where elevation of high level ecclesiastical and ethical patriots was not restricted by place of birth or nationality of the person.The biggest delusion in our times is the false idea of scientific and technical progress. Under the pretence of it forte of each tendency narrows with every day. Workers of such a limited in profile become easy-to-handle manipulators and with their serving it is possible to comply almost every conception without their understanding and thinking into the truth. Integration to another educational system, like most of European countries, the tests structure, leads to these consequences.As specialists themselves say, one of the most serious problems of integration of the Ukrainian system of education in the Bologna process is unawareness of officials of the current situation in the Ukrainian and European education, as well as the objectives of the Bologna process. The system of education in the former USSR was considered to be one of the best in the world. It was not declared by other countries by variety of reasons some of the main ones were political convictions and disinclination to recognize its effectiveness in every way.

A Learning Experience: Lost in Translation

Ralph Waldo Emerson, a well-known American literary icon, once verbalize that No man should travel until he has short-changeed the language of the province he visits. Otherwise he voluntarily makes himself a great baby so helpless and so ridiculous. I came upon this quote season I was looking for some passages or anecdotes that might make for a first paragraph with a good hook.Emersons take on the issue of language learning was somehow brutal and unconstructive, right away attr playing my attention since I am an international student acknowledging some limitations in my knowledge and skills in the habit of the English language.Although Emerson was, and is still, highly-revered for his ingenuity in literature, I would have to express my disagreement ab verboten what he give tongue to about the helplessness and ridiculousness of people who visit countries without obtaining knowledge and practical skills on each countrys native language.My experiences in this country has taught me that being at a disadvantage in monetary value of ones lack of knowledge and skills in language and communication do not sustain down a person to helplessness and nonsensicality. For I have disc all overed that being lost in translation is not a hopeless situation but an opportunity to sensibly and realistically learn the language.When arrived hither one year ago, my limitations pertaining to the English language has made my life adjustments worse since it was difficult to openly legislate and relate to other people. Being in an unfamiliar place was stressful enough, having to deal with not being able to conveniently visit places, dealing with the changes in the weather, learning the culture, and such.Not being able to communicate well enough made it much worse, since it became a barrier in smoo liaison the progress of adjustment and adaptation. At first, I was deeply uncomfortable with having to talk to other people who are native speakers of English for hero-worship of bein g criticized or made of as a joke. However, my everyday experiences has taught me that gradual openness to socialization, interaction, and communication is a opportunity for me to learn not only the language, but the cultural practices and traditions that are unfamiliar to me.I found out how talking to other people often about anything helped in developing my knowledge and skills of the English language. besides perhaps the most important skill that I have learned is how to character theEnglish language in practical, everyday conversations in order to avoid or prevent confusion that is rooted from mis agnizeings or miscommunications. on that point was this one time when I was watching the evening news with a friend of mine. The news interpret televised a case wherein two individuals claiming to be insurance handlers fooled other people into subscribing for insurance plans.They ran away aft(prenominal) obtaining the initial payments made by their clients. I remember my friend te lling me initially how it was a pull in off. I did not visit what he meant by the situation being a rip-off since the act of ripping to me, as I understood it, is the act of tearing or cutting a thing or an object. Out of pure curiosity, I asked him what he meant and he explained to me how the word rip-off means a form of cheating or conning.I especially value learning practical English language finished my daily encounters with other people because it has greatly helped in my being able to adjust to my life here in a foreign country.However, I am not disregarding the fact that learning the evening gown grammar rules of the English language is all too important, my learning of practical English language for everyday use has contributed to my getting used to living in this country as I feel that I understand people more when I talk to them leaving out confusion or awkwardness in misunderstandings or miscommunications.I can relate to my friends when they say they are having dibs o n or going bonkers over some girls they see in the campus or on the street, or when they say that we need to pull an all-nighter onwards the day of the examinations, and such.Learning words or phrases that are commonly used in this country has made it easier for me to understand what other people mean, making it also easy to respond, make judgments, state opinions, and such. Moreover, it has boosted my self-confidence in first step conversations with other people creating more opportunities for me to learn the English language effectively.

An Examination Of The Indian Natural Resources Environmental Sciences Essay

IntroductionConsequently, the First louver Year Plan incloseed an history of the subvert, water, mineral and energy resources of the shore uped e express on the foot of information so obtainable. It drew attending to the gaffer jobs in each field and practice out programmes for farther studies and investigatings. It anyhow offered suggestions for beef uping the administrations responsible for these studies, provide them with forces and equipment. and bed covering outing programmes of preparation.Over the historic few archaic ages administrations covering with the examine and use of natural resources, much(prenominal) as the Indian Council of Agri- heathen Research, the r aloney Water and Power Commission, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, Geological Survey of India, Oil and Natural splash Commission, Indian Bureau of Mines, Survey of India, Forest Research Institute Atomic Energy Commission, and the Council of Scientific and industrial Research and its Natio nal Laboratories redeem been greatly expanded and kick in on a down in the mouther floor acceptn a series of pertly studies and probes. These studies have resulted in a full(a)er judgment of the state s natural resources conveying to illume the spreads in informa- tion associating to these resources as besides their lacks in rela- tion to the state s hereafter demands,2. The aim of planning is to raise the metre of life of the people as a all in all. The attainment of this nonsubjective involves the developing on scientific lines of the state s natural and human resources. Expanded demand for natural resources and stuffs has led to technological growths which have in portion overcome limita- tions and therefore change magnitude the supply of resources. The dynamic forces at excogitate in do displa cements in the demand for and supply or natural resources necessitate their uninterrupted survey all(prenominal) hour considerably as reformulation of policies associating to them. Natural resources must be looked at in a co-ordinated personal manner and their probe and use planned for enormous-run demands. The extent to which resources have been studied and possibilities establish in front of demands is an of here and now factor finding the judge at which the economic system can circle.3. With the preparation of the leash Five Year Plan, the phase has reached when, as a essential status of well-conceived long-run programs, a comprehensive gear up demands to be interpreted of the extent and quali- ty of the information available in regard of the state s brain natural resources. The principal spreads which exist, the studies required in this connexion, and the farther stairss needed in relation to specific long scope aims, much(prenominal) as irrigation, power, steel, coal, oil and minerals, land custom and forest resources have to be iden- tified. As stated earlier, over the chase 15 old ages, population may increase by or so 187 one gazillion billion gazillion. Increase in labour force is reckoned at approximately 70 million, of whom more or less two-thirds must be absorbed outside agribusiness. It becomes, hence, a affair of the greatest impor- tance that a high arrange of economic harvest-home is achieved and sustained during this period. Her natural resources give India a big poten- tial for agricultural and industrial production, and their rapid development is an critical status for the accomplishment over the following two or three Plan periods, of a free and self-sustained economic system which can supply to the mass of the people continually lifting life criterions and chances for give employment. The long- depot ends in national and per capita incomes and the development of agribusiness, irrigation and power, and the probationary marks sug- gested earlier for industries like steel, aluminum, coat, oil refin- ing, fertilizers, cement and former(a)s can except be achieved in clip if the natur e and extent of the natural resources of the state and the indwelling demands refering their development argon assessed and the requisite stairss taken good in progress. For balanced development, it is every bit necessary to measure handinesss, demands and possibilities in relation to each of the main(prenominal) split wi burn the state.4. In the Chapters on irrigation and power, forest, indus- exertions, minerals and early(a)(a)s, an run has been made to bespeak the chief waies in which farther attempts be needed to determine more to the full the resources of the state and the steps required for their more rapid development. The object of the present Chapter is to put the job of cadence and developing96 THIRD tail fin Year Plannatural resources in the context of the Third and subsequent Plans and to explicate briefly some of the deductions in this regard of the ontogeny of population and of intensive and largescale industialisation.A unit for Natural Resources has bee n late placed up in the Planning Commission for analyzing jobs associating to the appraisal and development of natural resources and divine serviceing the assorted agen- cies engaged in the examine and probe of these resources in associating up their work closely with the demands of the quickly turning economic system, and by and large, assisting in procuring a common attack in assorted related Fieldss. This unit leave behind be strengthened as its work develops. In coaction with other(a) administrations, it is hoped to set up for co-ordinated surveies of natural resources on a go oning footing, to stipulate spreads in the bing information, inquisitively from the facet of long-run development, and to propose suited policies and steps for giving consequence to them. Against this background, it is proposed briefly to reexamine novel developments and to bespeak the jobs that lie in front in relation to the development of the land, urine, mineral, energy and other resources of the state.TwoLAND RESOURCES5. The some of substance natural resource of the state is land, which is the base for agricultural production. While population grows, the land come near is fixed, and of this lone a certain propor- tion is available for cultivation. Several facets of the job demand to be studied. Through irrigation and other steps of agricul- tural development, the productiveness of land can be well in- creased. It is necessary to determine the extent to which land now lying waste can go available for cultivation. Increasing popula- tion besides means backdown of countries now on a lower floor farms for edifice houses. Development of communications such as roads, railroads, and air passages may take up fertile land. Owing to rapid urbanization and growing of big metropoliss land is needed for Parkss and exposed infinites. Irrigation dike may submerse fertile countries. Industrial workss and other constitutions besides require significant countries. In all these de velopments wherever fertile land can be saved attempts should be made to halt so. This indicates the demand for a comprehensive stock list of land and for great polish in land classification and uninterrupted attending to land work.6. Land utilisation.-The wide geographical res publica of India is active 806 million estates, of which describing rustic is about 721 million estates and force out nation seed is about 318 million estates. The wide-eyed fea- tures of the present form of land use and that anticipated by the terminal of the Third Plan are set out in the Table belowTable 1 Land use in 1965-66 ( republic in million estates )1955-56 1960-61 1965-66entire describing country 720.0 721.0 721.0woods 125.6 131.0 132.0land under assortedtree harvests and groves 13.9 14.0 15.0 undestroyable grazing lands andother croping lands 28.4 32.0 32.0culturable waste 54.8 47.0 40.0wastes and uncultivatedland and land put tonon-agricultural practice session 118.7 114.0 114.0fallo w lands otherthan current fallows 30.9 28.0 26.0current fallows 29.5 28.0 25.5non country shown 318.2 327.0 335.0country sown more than one time 44.4 51.5 67.0gross country sown 362.6 378.5 402.0Availability per caput of arable land in India is about 0.82 estates as against 0.42 in U.K. , 0.48 in Germ whatever, 0.17 in Japan, 0.50 in China, 2.68 in U.S.A. and 2.59 in U.S.S.R.7. spot surveys.-Until late cognition of greases in different representatives of the state was unequal and the necessary Administration for filthiness studies had non been established. Appraisal of blot resources, matching paper and categorization of dirts provides the footing for measuring their potencies every bit good as their restrictions for effec- tive development and rational land use.The chief object of dirt studies is to sort and adult male out of assorted types of dirts, to cognize dirt differences, and to work up cognition of dirts with a position to puting down criterions of terminology, etc. With the assistance of these studies it becomes possible to fix st localizegies for the better use of goods and services of land and to be after, for dirt deliverance and irrigation and drainage plants. In 1955 an all-India dirt study strategy was initiated at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute with a position to transporting out reconnaissance dirt studies winning to correlativity of dirts of different parts. colly correlativity work involves categorization and puting down of terminology of dirts on a unvarying footing and besides the readying of dirt study studies and dirt maps. In the field of dirt studies, State Governments are specially concerned with facets associating to agriculture, forestry, irrigation, drainage, dirt conser- vation, etc. Since there are common dirt jobs covering more than one State and all States do non drop their ain dirt study organisa- tions, with a position to organizing work on dirts, it was felt that the best class would be to put up re search labs on a regional footing for the four major dirt groups happening in India, viz. , ( 1 ) at Delhi, for the Alluvial Soil Region, ( 2 ) at Poona ( now at Nagpur ) for the black-market Soil Region, ( 3 ) at Kharagpur ( now at Calcutta ) for the Red and Laterite Soil Region I, and ( 4 ) at BangaloreNATURAL RESOURCES 97for the Red and Laterite Soil Region II. Three old ages after its origin, the strategy was incorporated with the strategy for dirt and land usage planning drawn up by the Central Soil Conservation Board for the intent of dirt and land usage study in the catchment countries of six major river vale projects, viz. , Machkund, Hirakud, Chambal, Bhakra Nangal, Kosi and Damodar, numbering about 78,000 square stat mis. Surveies in the catchment countries aim at sorting lands into potency categories prefatoryally from the point of position of following dirt preservation steps with a position to understating dirt eroding, preserv- ing the top dirt for cultivation and forestalling sediment fluxing into storage reservoirs, and therefore increasing their life. Soil preservation work in the catchment countries involves elaborate studies in agricultural lands and reconnaissance studies in other countries. The entire country to be surveyed is about 500,000 square stat mis. By the beginning of 1961, an country of about 18,000 square stat mis had been covered by two(prenominal) elaborate and reconnaissance studies undertaken by dint of the all-India strategy. Of this country, about 3000 square stat mis fall within the catchment countries of the river vale undertakings. Soil study administrations in the States have surveyed about 50,000 square stat mis. Under the all-India programme, about 23,000 square stat mis are to be surveyed during the Third Plan.18. Survey of wastelands.-Agricultural production can be stepped up through extension of country under cultivation by cultivating waste lands, dual cropping of individual harvest countries, and other s teps of intensifiers farming. in that respect is considerable range for widening the gross country sown by dual cropping. It is anticipated that the country sown more than one time might increase from about 52 million estates in 1960-61 to about 67 million estates by 1965-66. Harmonizing to the avail- able land use statistics the country under culturable waste in 1955-56 amounted to about 55 million estates. In June 1959, the Govern- ment of India constituted a Committee to do a study of land classi- fied as other uncultivated land excepting fallow lands and fallow lands other than current fallows and to turn up countries where big blocks of land are available for re new(a)al and relocation. The Committee has completed its study of septette States. In these, the country of barren available for cultivation in blocks of 250 acre or more is reckoned at about a million estates. The Committee s findings sing the present statistics of barrens are of considerable eventance. On the whole the bing informations are non sufficiently dependable, and lands classified as culturable waste at the clip of colony frequently tarry to be shown as such in the gross records long after they have come under cultivation. In the position of the Committee, the mere aggregation of statistics under the caput cultura- ble waste can function low-toned intent and elaborate information should be available about the types of barrens in each State, the ownership of such lands, their handiness in ample blocks and the monetary value of renewal steps. The Committee has, hence, recommended that rapid reconnaissance studies should be conducted for spew uping such information.9. To sum up, there are big spreads in the information at present available sing land resources. To procure speedy consequences it is necessary that land studies utilizing photogrammetric techniques ( aerial vulnerability ) should be undertaken, and informations on and utilize, land betterment, renewal of water-log ged, saline and alkalic lands and productiveness should be collected in a regular mode with a position to pulling up farther programs.ThreeFOREST Resource10. Out of the entire geographical country of 1.26 million square stat mis, about 274,000 square stat mis or about 21.8 per centime of the country consists of woods. Due to fluctuations in climatic conditions and differences in height a big assortment of natural flora runing from temperature to tropical is institute in the woods of India. For- Eastern Times may be classified as followsTable 2 Categorization of woodsper centumtemperate woodscone-bearing 3broadleaf 4tropical woodsdeciduous 80evergreen 12others 111. The productiveness of India s woods can be greatly in- creased. Forests are among the few renewable resources in nature which, if decently managed, could travel on giving at unrelieved rate and for an indefinite period. at that place is deficit of lumber and fire- wood, of natural stuffs for drugs, paper and slop and of fresh fish for cowss.12. Wood and other wood merchandises are basic natural stuffs native for industrial development. In the past no proper apprais- Al of local forest resources was made and merchandises such as paper or mush, plyboard, tannic acid, etc. , were freely imported. With a position to developing such industries in the state, an assessment of the posi- tion of such natural stuffs is a affair of importance. The ingestion of industrial wood in India is every bit low as 0.6 cft. per capita per twelvemonth as against 16.0 cft. in France and 13.4 cft. in Japan. India s present demands of industrial wood sum to 4.5 million dozenss and are estimated to be more than 9 million dozenss in 1975. As respects firewood resources, in the ordinary class, a demand of 100 million dozenss is anticipated by 1975.13. It is indispensable that a sustained addition in production should be secured from twelvemonth to twelvemonth through injtensive development strategies, including choice of h igh output countries, seting of quick- turning species, debut of improved logging98 THIRD FIVE Year Planand treating techniques, development of communications and more by and large, the linking of wood development with specific strategies of industrial development to be undertaken over the following few old ages. While the demands and supplies of industrial wood are even-tempered more or less balanced, it is considered that over the following 10 or 15 old ages unless particular stairss are taken, acute deficits might be experienced. This calls for steps for the intensification of production, devel- opment of hill woods, improved use of low class lumbers, economic system in fuel wood ingestion and systematic studies of forest re- beginnings in relation to specific industries. It is besides necessary to set about a study of forest lands, bespeaking countries which are severely eroded, those tantrum for natural regeneration and those where seting should be undertaken. In some countrie s, specially in Central and South India, there are natural woods with trees which have nevertheless fuel value. These countries can be covered with valuable deep-rooted woods. There is need excessively for obtaining informations sing forest resources in ungetatable countries.FourWATER RESOURCES14. Water resources may be divided loosely into mount H2O and belowground H2O. Their development has to be viewed in relation to the demand to increase the productiveness of land through irrigation, inundation control, drainage and other agencies and besides to domestic. and industrial demands.15. Surface water.- The one-year rainfall over the full state represents something more than 3000 million acre-feet of H2O. Of this sum, about 1000 million acre-feet are lost instantly due to vaporization and approximately 650 million acre-feet seep into the dirt, go forthing 1350 million acre-feet to flux into the river systems. The full surface meld can non be use because topography, flow char- a cteristics, clime and dirt conditions impose bounds on serviceability. It has been estimated that hardly 450 million acre-feet can be harnessed for intents of irrigation. Advancement in existent use is as followsTable 3 Surface H2O use for irrigationmillion every bit Percent as per centumacre-feet of useable of entireflow flowupto 1951 76 17 6upto 1960-61 120 27 9upto 1965-66 ( anticipated ) 160 36 1216. Belowground H2O. Of the 650 million acre-feet of H2O that seep down yearly into the dirt, about 350 million, acre-feet get absorbed in the top beds thereby lending to dirty wet which is indispensable for the growing of flora. The staying 300 million acre-feet get wind down into porous strata and stand for the one-year enrichment of belowground H2O. The entire storage resistance at any laughable clip may be several times this sum, but it can be assessed merely if a country-wide probe is undertaken. The existent use of belowground H2O at nowadays is less than 20 per cent of the on e-year enrichment. Over the past eight old ages, through a series of ground-water geographic expedition undertakings, attempts have been made to set up countries favorable to the sinking of tube-wells. For the 3rd Plan, a undertaking including 500 explorative drillings has been accepted. With a position to easing the work of geographic expedition and cut kill the demand for large-scale boring, it is besides proposed to transport out geo- physical probes. In peninsular India such probes would promptly de ermine the deepness of the bed stone and are likely to give first indicants of ground-water handiness. A study pro- gm is besides in manus in Andhra Pradesh for placing countries of belowground H2O where filter points for extraction of H2O can be successfully drilled.17. Utilisation.-The major usage of H2O is for irrigation and hydropower coevals, but H2O is besides employ for public H2O supply, industrial and pilotage intents. Water supply for irrigation can be obtained both from surface and belowground resources.18. The Central Water and Power Commission initiated in 1954 a survey of different basins in the state for measuring the ultimate potency of major and average irrigation undertakings. For intents of this survey the state was divided into quint chief regularizes covering groups of river basins, and for each river basin the topography, rainfall, strength of cultivation, possible storage sites, irrigable countries, reservoir capacity and other germane(predicate) factors were examined. Surveies in regard of four zones are about complete, while the fifth has still to be taken up. A preliminary appraisal places the irriga- tion potency of major and average undertakings at 100 million estates ( gross ) distributed as followsTable 4 Irrigation potency of major and average undertakingsirrigationpossible( million estates )zone 1 West-flowing rivers ( covering riverbasins in Kerala, Mysore and Maha-rashtra State and the basins of Tapti-Narmada & A others ) 10zone 2 East-flowing rivers ( covering the basinsof Tambraparani, Vaigai, CauveriMahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Pennarand others ) 33zone 3 Indus basin 13zone 4 Ganga basin ( covering, Chambal,Jamuna, Ramganga, Tons, Gomti,Sone, Ganga and its feeders ) 41zone 5 Brahmaputra basin 3entire 100Policy PRIORITIES3.1 The macroeconomic considerations discussed in measuring the likely growing waies are a portion of the boilers suit development shunning that needs to be addressed in the ordinal Plan. This chapter discusses some of the other issues which are of economy-wide significance. The more elaborate sectoral policy issues are taken up in the following chapter.3.2 At macro level the planning theoretical account in the Planning Commission is utilize to apportion resources among economic sectors. The inexplicit logic of allotment in the theoretical account is the demand for physical structure in the reciprocally back uping function of these economic sectors to do executable a mark ra te of growing and demand form. However, the allotment of resources to the societal. sectors like wellness, instruction, public assistance, lower limit demands and poorness relief, etc. is make chiefly on the footing of the perceptual experiences of the policy shapers and contrivers as to the demand in these sectors within the overall restraints of available resources.3.3 There is no standard set of standards for make up ones minding allotment of financess to programmes, strategies and undertakings within a sector. The strategies which take the form of a Undertaking in energy, conveyance, irrigation and communicating, etc. have to go through the b coifline criterions of monetary and/or economic rates of return. However, there are no ways of doing a natural selection from amongst a big date of undertakings or strategies which would go through the same criterion. Programs and strategies which are non conformable to such cost-benefit analysis do non ready to go through through eve n this type of examination. Therefore it is necessary to germinate certain guidelines for the choice of programmes, strategies or undertakings from among the umpteen which are possible at a attached clip. The undermentioned trials are proposedI ) Then schemes which are of larger benefit to the hapless as compared to the ease of the population should hold a precedence.two ) The strategies which benefit the adult females, kids and the weaker subdivisions of the society more than the population as a whole should hold a precedence.three ) The strategies which are of larger benefit to the backward part should hold a precedence.four ) Schemes which are non-displacing, authorising and labor-intensive should hold precedence.V ) The strategies which give long term sustainable benefit should hold a precedence over strategy which33give a small higher benefit but merely of a transitional nature.six ) The strategies which help the original activity of productive assets ( personal assets or e conomy-wide assets ) should hold a precedence over those which merely help to raise the current degree of income or good beingness.seven ) Service-oriented strategies ( except those in the class of basic minimal work ) , which require high degree of subsidization, should hold low precedence and attempt should be made to promote commercial operation of such services.eight ) Schemes which require creative activity of modify environment by manner of systemic reforms, alterations in legislative model, institutional development, .promotion of participatory attacks and selfgovernance should hold a high precedence.3.4 Population stabilization is an indispensable requirement for sustainability of development procedure. The National Family Planning Programme was launched in 1952 with the aim of cut downing birth rate to the extent necessary to brace the population at a degree consistent with demand of national economic system . The technological progresss and improved persona and cover age of wellness attention resulted in a rapid autumn of mortality rate from 27 in 1951 to 9.8 in 1991. In descent, the decrease in birth rate has been less steep worsening from 40 in 1951 to 29.5 in 1991. As a consequence them one-year exponential population growing has been over 2 % in the last three decennaries. During the Eighth Plan period the autumn in birth rate has been steeper than that in the decease rate accordingly one-year growing rate is more or less 1.9 % during 1991-95. The rate of diminution in population growing is likely to be accelerated during the ordinal Plan period.3.5 Though the diminution in birth and decease rates have occurred in all body politics, the rate of diminution was slower in some provinces like U.P. and Bihar even within the same province there are significant differences among territories. The Family Welfare Programme, hence needs to be reoriented to take or understate the inter- and intra-State differences with phrase on improved entree and quality of generative and child wellness services through PHC based decentralized country specific microplanning without resort to specific centrally fixed marks.3.6 It is unequivocal that equal data-base is available at PHC degree on annual footing, both for the demand34appraisal as besides to supply an independent mechanism for impact appraisal and midcourse rectification. This can be achieved merely through complete enrollment of all births and deceases. For this, it is necessary to beef up the Civil enrollment system through engagement of ICDS workers, Panchayati Raj establishments, every bit good as wellness forces.3.7 Simultaneously, the Ninth Plan lead establish an intensive thrust to come along wellness instruction so that India builds a sound universe for a successful preventative and promotive national wellness paradigm. Basic rules of hygiene, sanitation, nutrition, and bar of unwellness and unhealthiness will be promoted through non merely the educational estab lishments and the grownup instruction programme but besides through the ICDS programme, through guidance offered by the wellness workers at all degrees, and the mass media.3.8 The 2nd of import component of sustainability pertains to the protection of the environment and saving of the natural resource base of the state. Quickly turning population, urbanization, fastener agricultural, industrial and H2O resource direction, increasing usage of pesticides and fossil fuels have all resulted in tangible impairment in the quality and sustainability of the environment. It needs to be realised that environment protection does non merely affect a bar of pollution and of natural resource debasement, but has to be integrated with the over-all development process and the wellbeing of people. This attack has been articulated in the Agenda 21 of United Nations Conference on surround and Development. The stairss outlined in this papers demand to be adopted and integrated with the development sch eme. A synergy between wellness, environment and development is recognised.3.9 Regeneration of the forest screen is an of import constituent of environmental sustainability. This non merely requires attending to the saving of bing woods, Particularly in the delicate eco- parts of the Himalayas and the Ghats among others, but besides a greater attempt to make forest screen in a wide-spread mode. It is proposed that every territory in the state should reserve at least 2 per cent of its available country as wood.3.10 One of the chief jobs in taking a rational determination on natural resource usage is the want of an appropriate information system and a methodological analysis for natural resource report. As a consequence, the depletion of the national plus base is merely non taken into history while measuring alternate schemes. The Ninth Plan will put great emphasis on germinating such natural resource accounting35methodological analysiss so that determinations can be taken on the fo oting of the full cost to the Nation.3.11. The virtually of import methodological analysis for forestalling undue depletion of natural resources is by guaranting their efficient usage at all degrees. This has two of import dimensions. First, exhaustible or vulnerable natural resource should be priced suitably in order to forestall over-exploitation. In India, since a big proportion of natural resources are subjected to administered monetary values, there has been a inclination to under-price resources rather significantly. This attack needs to be changed desperately. Second, designs which conserve the usage of natural resources need to be developed and promoted smartly.3.12 Food and nutrition security every bit good as poorness relief are unalienable constituents of sustainable development. In position of the fact that the net seeded country is likely to worsen in the hereafter in order to continue the bionomical balance, accent will hold to be placed on increasing the productive ness of land usage. There is hence need to heighten the flow of resources to agriculture from both public and tete-a-tete beginnings and to smartly advance the execution of land reforms so that the productiveness of land usage is enhanced. In add-on, stairss will necessitate to be taken towards more efficient usage of dirt and H2O resources. A start has been made in this procedure by promoting a diversified growing of agribusiness by agroclimatic parts. This would hold to be carried ahead smartly. juvenile enterprises will necessitate to be developed for intercession on the footing of agro-economic classification. In the thin agricultural season, upto 100 yearss of assured employment will be provided under the Employment Assurance Scheme, which is being universalised.3.13 In order to beef up the technological capablenesss of the Indian industries, both for run intoing the national demands and for supplying planetary fend for, a figure of new enterprises have been launched. A Tec hnology Development Board has been established in 1996 with a authorization to ease development of new engineerings and assimilation and version of imported engineerings by supplying catalytic support to industries and R & A D establishments to work in partnership. Matching grants to R & A D establishments demoing commercial net incomes through engineering services was besides introduced in 1996 and will be carried frontward and broadened. Already a long-run position called Technology Vision for India 2020 has been prepared, which could organize the footing of engineering development programmes.3.14 Issues of natural resource preservation and agricultural growing can non be effectively tackled in the36absence of an appropriate technological base. In add-on, engineering is indispensable for increasing the fight of the Indian economic system in international markets. Autochthonal development of engineering is hence of the highest importance and careful planned stairss need to be t aken to increase technological autonomy of the Nation.3.15 Rapid honorable advancement is changing basically the accomplishments, cognition, substructure and establishments needed for the efficient production and bringing of goods and services. So wide and far- stretch are current technological developments that many see the outgrowth of another industrial transmutation driven by a new technological paradigm . This paradigm involves, non merely new engineerings and accomplishments in the traditional sense, but besides different work methods, direction techniques and organizational dealingss within houses. As new conveyance and communications engineerings shrink international economic infinite , it besides implies a important reorder of comparative advantage, and trade and investing dealingss, between states.3.16 In India besides, there is considerable technological activity in a broad spectrum of houses. what is most impressive is the figure of little and average sized endeavor s that are puting in new engineering based ventures, and frequently striking out in universe market as exporters. However, the remainder of the industrial sector still needs to put on engineering upgrading. Experience of many developing and industrialized states suggests that a rapid acceleration of industrial engineering development calls for a deliberate strategy , in the sense that it requires the government activity to organize and steer an basically market- goaded procedure. Free markets put up from assorted sorts of market failures , they may non throw up the appropriate sums of substructure, accomplishment, information and institutional support, and mere exposure to market forces, while acquiring rid of inefficient policies, may non do to make the technological desirableness that continued industrial growing demands.3.17 Indian engineering policies are undergoing important alterations, and on the whole have improved greatly in recent old ages. They are non, nevertheless, ideal. A coherent engineering scheme In India must turn to a figure of interrelated elements in the inducement government and the relevant factor markets and establishments. The undermentioned attack should steer future policies in engineeringaccomplishments Technology development calls for both general and specific signifiers of human capital, and uphill engineerings are exceedingly skill intensive in both proficient and managerial footings. While India is endowed at present with big sums of high-ranking human capital, investings in the creative activity of new accomplishments ( as measured by registration degrees in proficient37topics at all degrees ) are low. In add-on, house degree investings in developing are extremely variable, and big parts of industry invest really small in preparation. The SME sector in peculiar suffers from really low degrees of accomplishment, while industrial preparation institutes are frequently unresponsive to their demands.Technological attempt R & A D in Indian industry has been lifting, but the overall degree is still low and over three quarters of research attempt originates in the populace sector. This is in contrast to Taiwan and Korea, where most of R & A D is undertaken by industrial endeavors. It is of import for the Government to try current technological tendencies in industry in order to explicate appropriate policies to promote R & A D.Technology entree Technology upgrading requires that Indian endeavors of all types have information on relevant engineerings in international markets and besides within the state. Many states have well-developed systems of computerised online engineering information and airing services, frequently backed up with consultancy and fiscal aid for little and average endeavors to enable them to cognize approximately, trial, and implement new engineerings. The handiness of similar installations are weak in India. Note needs to be taken of the emerging tendencies of limitations on entree to engineering through rigorous rational belongings limitations and on double usage engineerings by certain. groups of industrially advanced states. Particular attempts have to be made to guarantee that such limitations do non suppress advancement in high engineering sectors.Technology establishments India has a big substructure of engineering support establishments, some of which are undergoing reform to do them more relevant to industrial demands. A figure of universities, particularly the IITs, are interacting progressively with industry on technological affairs, while others are outside this circle. There is a demand to beef up Technology Foresight Programmes to analyze the deductions of emerging engineerings, analyse domestic strengths and failings and aim future engineerings for local development.Other substructure Technology development by and large requires the puting up of bunchs of industries that can portion information and accomplishments, as in scientific discipline Parkss or dedicated industrial estates. some such installations exist in India, but their efficaciousness and working demand to be strengthened.3.18 Finally, an of import constituent of sustainability of the development procedure is in the accomplishment of a high38degree. of integrating between the assorted parts of the state so that the benefits of rapid and sustained growing can be spread widely in order to better both regional balance and the economic chances available to the people. The most of import constituents for accomplishing this terminal are transport linkages and communications. The Ninth program will put great accent on supplying the needed connectivity to all parts of the state.3.19 Although the Government can increase the connectivity of small towns through public plants and employment coevals programmes by affecting the local organic structures, major route electronic network development would still necessitate a considerable sum of resources. Fresh enterprises need to be taken in this way by coordinate action between the assorted grades of Government and with aid from private bureaus and fiscal establishments. Advanced methods of uniting Public and private resources would necessitate to be worked out in order to do such investings productive and feasible.3.20 Similarly, in so far as communications are concerned, it is supposed(prenominal) that the resources available with the Government would be sufficient to spread out the telecommunications web to the extent desired. The enterprises that have been taken to supplement the public sector attempts need to be carried frontward, and a proper enabling environment demands to be created. This is indispensable since communications are as indispensable an infrastructural input as they are critical for integrating.3.21 In visible radiation of the macro-economic restraints being faced by the economic system and the analysis of the executable growing waies, it appears that a sustained acceleration i n the growing rate of the economic system will hold to be associated with a determined attempt at raising public nest eggs, chiefly by cut downing the gross shortage and bettering the public presentation of public sector endeavors. This is necessary in order to supply both the necessary degree of investible resources and forestall the re- outgrowth of balance of payments unsustainability. Stairss would besides hold to be taken to guarantee that private nest eggs addition in a sustained mode.3.22 In regard of public nest eggs, while the rate of growing of grosss must be increased, the rate of growing of gross outgo excessively should be slowed down. The Government will call up fiscal resources by using all beginnings which have remained untapped so far. At the same clip, the construction and mode of deployment of public outgo should be altered significantly in order to guarantee the maximal compulsory impact on poorness relief and the societal sectors.393.23 It is to be noted that t he ratio of entire grosss of the center field and the States to GDP had reached 23.8 per cent in 1989-90, but declined thenceforth and came down to 22.6 per cent in 1990-91 and stayed at the degree in 1993-94. However, there is a major difference between the behavior of grosss between the Centre and the States. The gross grosss of the Centre declined steadily from 14.4 per cent in 1989-90 to 12.2 per cent in 1993-94, whereas in the instance of the States, it increased steadily from 9.4 per cent in 1989-90 to 10.4 per cent in 1993-94. The ratio of entire revenue enhancement grosss of the authorities sector to GDP had reached 16.9 per cent in 1989-90 but declined thenceforth and reached 15.3 per cent in 1993-94 ( it is estimated to hold reached around 16 per cent of GDP in 1995-96 ) . In position of this, it would be sensible to take at raising the revenue enhancement ratio by approximately 1.5 to 2.0 per centum points of GDP so that it reaches the degree of 17.5 per cent in the post -Plan period. This would merely intend somewhat transcending the ratio that had already been reached in 1989-90.Acharya, S. and R.L. Jogi. 2004. aaAFarm stimulant Subsidies in Indian Agriculture.aaA? Institute of Development Studies Working Paper 140, Jaipur India.Government of India, Planning Commission. 2005. midterm exam Appraisal of 10th Five Year Plan ( 2002-2007 ) . hypertext transfer protocol //planningcommission.nic.in/midterm/midtermapp.htmlJalan, B. 2004. The Future of India Politicss, Economics, and Governance. Penguin Books New Delhi