Vitamin C Determination By Iodine Titration Biology Essay

Vitamin C Determination By Iodine Titration Biology EssayVitamin C is to a fault know as ascorbic acid, it is an antioxidant that is natural for human nutrition. Antioxidants help to reduce the damage to the soundbox ca apply by toxic chemicals and pollutants. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin meaning that it dissolves in water, it is essential for growth and repair of all body tissues. Collagen is an important protein that is used to make skin, scar tissue, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels. Vitamin C is essential to form this and is also required to retrieve wounds, repair and maintain cartilage, bones and teeth. The body does not store vitamin C and cannot make it by itself, therefore it is important for lots of vitamin C-containing foods to be included in the diet. Excellent sources of vitamin C atomic number 18 green peppers, citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, papaya, watermelon and cauliflower. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to some(prenominal) problems in the bo dy including dry and change integrity hair, bleeding gums, easy bruising, anemia and nosebleeds with one of the most serious being scurvy. Eating a balanced diet is the best way to get the effortless requirements of vitamin C and other essential vitamins. The Food and Nutrition Board at the Institute of Medicine recommends the following amounts of vitamin CInfants and Children0 6 months 40 milligrams/ twenty-four hours (mg/day)7 12 months 50 mg/day1 3 years 15 mg/day4 8 years 25 mg/day9 13 years 45 mg/dayAdolescentsGirls 14 18 years 65 mg/dayBoys 14 18 years 75 mg/dayAdultsMen age 19 and older 90 mg/dayWomen age 19 year and older 75 mg/dayOne way to establish the amount of vitamin C in food is to use a redox titration. The redox reaction is better than an acid-base titration since there ar additional acids in a succus, but few of them interfere with the oxidation of ascorbic acid by iodine. Iodine is relatively insoluble, but this can be improved by complexing the iodin e with iodide to form triiodideI2 + I- I3-Triiodide oxidizes vitamin C to form dehydroascorbic acidC6H8O6 + I3- + H2O C6H6O6 + 3I- + 2H+As long as vitamin C is present in the solving, the triiodide is converted to the iodide ion very quickly. However, when the all the vitamin C is oxidized, iodine and triiodide will be present, which react with starch to form a achromatic complex. The blue-black colour is the endpoint of the titration.Vitamin C Ascorbic AcidMethodThe 1% starch dissolvent, iodine solution and vitamin C solution were made up by the technicians. The solutions were standardize before the unsung samples were titrated using the following method25.00 ml of vitamin C standard solution was added to a 125ml Erlenmeyer flask10 drops of 1% starch solution were added to the flaskThe burette was rinsed with a small tidy sum of the iodine solution and then filled, the initial book of account was recorded.The solution was titrated until the end point was reachedThe final volume of the iodine solution was recordedThe titration was completed twice more.Samples of red pepper juice, apple juice and vinegar were then titrated in the same way. This is an example of a titrationResultsSampleYour Hypothesis high medium or low Vitamin C content?Titration 1Titration 2Titration 3Calculated Vitamin C content (g/l)Your resoluteness versus the HypothesisRed Pepper JuiceHigh Vitamin C content16.017.018.028.5CorrectApple JuiceMedium Vitamin C content4.04.04.06.8Correct vinegarLow Vitamin C content0.40.20.40.67CorrectAnalysisThe ml of titrant used for each flask is calculated usingAverage volume = total volumenumber of trialsThe amount of vitamin C in the samples are calculated usingV itamin C titrant = Titrant used in SampleStandard of Vitamin C unknownRed Pepper Juice Titrant = Used SampleStandard of Vitamin C Unknown Vitamin C 14.9ml = 17 0.025g/ml P596 = 17.0 PP= 17.0 P= 0.0285g/ml 596Litres = 0.0285 x 1000 = 28.5g/litreApple Juice Titrant = Used SampleStandard of Vitamin C Unknown Vitamin C 14.9ml = 4.0 0.025g/ml A596 = 4.0 AA= 4.0 A= 0.0067 g/ml 596Litres = 0.0067 x 1000 = 6.8g/litreVinegar Titrant = Used SampleStandard of Vitamin C Unknown Vitamin C 14.9ml = 0.4 0.025g/ml G596 = 0.4 GG= 0.4 G= 0.00067g/ml 596Litres = 0.00067 x 1000 = 0.67g/litreDiscussionOne of the main problems when completing this experiment is that the concentration of solution was unknown as it was prepared by the technician, the concentration was too high so had to be diluted. The hypothesis was correct in that the red pepper juice had the highest vitamin C content, vinegar the lowest and apple juice medium. Many safety procedures were carried out during the experiment safety glasses, gloves and goggles were worn, all bags and jackets were in the lockers and chairs were tucked under the desk. There was a good experience with the number of people in the group as it gave everyone a chance to be involved with the experiment. A class period was taken at the first point when the colour started to change and it could be seen easily when it was complete as the change happened gradually. Two examples of other food that are rich in vitamin C that were not tested are tomatoes and raspberries. Iron increases the absorption of vitamin C in the human body, iron is important as it is used by the body in the production of red blood cells, it is specifically used in the production of hemoglobin which is the main protein in red blood cells. Polyphenol oxidase, also known as tyrosinase, is an enzyme contained in fruits and vegetables such as apples, pears, potatoes, and other starchy foods. When oxygen comes in to contact with the enzyme it causes the fruit to turn brown. Vitamin C has many functions in the body, it is essential for growth and repair of all body tissues. Collagen is an important protein that is used to make skin, scar tissue, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels. Vitamin C is essential to form this and is also required to cure wounds, re pair and maintain cartilage, bones and teeth. Anti-oxidant vitamins are Vitamins that help the body in cleansing itself from waste and radical free agents, Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. As well as vitamin C, vitamins A and E are also antioxidants. Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin. It is also known as retinol because it produces the pigments in the retina of the eye. Vitamin E is important in the formation of red blood cells and can help the body to use vitamin K. Selenium is an essential trace mineral that works strongly with vitamin E to provide the body with powerful antioxidant protection from the free radicals that may add to the development of cancer, heart disease, and arthritis. Selenium protects the body from free radical damage in two ways It is included into proteins to make selenoproteins , which are important antioxidant enzymes, and it helps the body manufacture its own natural antioxidant, glutathione.ConclusionIn conclusion, the experiment worked well as the amount of vitamin C in the samples was established and the results were accurate and as expected.